1. Career guidance in the UK Past, present and future Janet Sheath October 2 2008

2. Lecture plan Guidance and counselling in the UK Guidance and counselling in the UK Origins and developments Origins and developments Education, Employment and Independent sector Education, Employment and Independent sector Examples of independent career work Examples of independent career work Career coaching - or counselling ? Career coaching - or counselling ? The future for careers in the UK The future for careers in the UK

3. Career guidance provision 1. Education and Training 2. Employment based 3. Independent services

4. Origins of career guidance 2 Traditions 1. Local Youth Career Services 1. Local Youth Career Services 1910 Education and choice of employment act – Labour bureaux developed to support the youth labour market by placing 12-14 year olds 1910 Education and choice of employment act – Labour bureaux developed to support the youth labour market by placing 12-14 year olds Rooted in a concern about the education and training of the British labour force Rooted in a concern about the education and training of the British labour force And the concern that unskilled workers suffer more than skilled workers in times of unemployment And the concern that unskilled workers suffer more than skilled workers in times of unemployment 2. National Employment services 1909 – Labour Exchanges 1909 – Labour Exchanges

5. 1. Education and Training 1948 Local Youth Employment services provide services for school leavers up to the age of 18 1948 Local Youth Employment services provide services for school leavers up to the age of 18 1973 Careers Service established to assist transition from school to work during times of high unemployment placing 80% of applicants onto Youth Training schemes. 1973 Careers Service established to assist transition from school to work during times of high unemployment placing 80% of applicants onto Youth Training schemes. 1993 - the privatisation of career services “Market making” 1993 - the privatisation of career services “Market making”

6. Education and Training in the 21 st century Connexions (Department for Education and Skills) Connexions (Department for Education and Skills) Integrated service for 13-19 year olds Integrated service for 13-19 year olds Personal Advisers Personal Advisers

7. Education and Training Careers provision 2008 Focus on social inclusion Focus on social inclusion Not in Not in Education Education Employment or Employment or Training Training NEETs NEETs “Every child matters” agenda “Every child matters” agenda

8. University careers services Appointment boards Appointment boards 1960s 23 Universities 1960s 23 Universities < 10% of young people at university < 10% of young people at university 1994 86 Universities 1994 86 Universities 2008 +/- 40% of young people in Higher Education 2008 +/- 40% of young people in Higher Education University Careers Services

9. University careers services Provide a range of services and have evolved with the : Growth of career counselling Growth of career counselling Growth of careers education Growth of careers education Open access approach – CAGS (Computer assisted guidance systems) Open access approach – CAGS (Computer assisted guidance systems)

10. Employment based careers provision Pressures on employees to be more flexible and self reliant in managing their careers Career management workshops Career management workshops Development centres Development centres Career counselling Career counselling Mentoring Mentoring Talent management Talent management

11. Organisational career management Career self management Career self management Development plans Development plans Appraisals Appraisals Lateral moves Lateral moves Networking Networking Interview preparation Interview preparation n.b. Access Conflict of interests Conflict of interests HR connection HR connection

12. Re-employment Services New Deal New Deal Connexions for young people < 20 Connexions for young people < 20 Jobcentre plus Jobcentre plus Learning and Skills council – “next step” Learning and Skills council – “next step” Learndirect (moving to gov.uk) Learndirect (moving to gov.uk)

13. Independent career management Private agencies Private agencies Career consultancies Career consultancies Outplacement services Outplacement services Social enterprise Social enterprise