1. NAFDAC AND AFLATOXIN TESTING Oluwabamiwo B. F. Technical Manager NAFDAC Mycotoxin Laboratory, Oshodi, Lagos & Denloye Stella (Director laboratory services NAFDAC)

2. History of mycotoxin analysis in NAFDAC The IAEA project EU further training USAID in-house trainings on QA/QC UNIDO’s in-house trainings on QA/QC Preparation for International accreditation

3. sampling rates for different products Sampling: heterogeneous nature of mycotoxin distribution in food, large samples needed for analysis, 2- 30kg from which analytical samples 25-100g will be taken Sampling must be representative e.g. Kernels of a contaminated ear could have concentrations of aflatoxin ranging from 0 ppb to 400,000 ppb, with most kernels having no or very low amounts of aflatoxin if aflatoxin contamination is relatively high, a high variance will occur among samples

4. Sampling continued Sampling must be conducted throughout the entire load to be shipped The load should possess a unifying lot, contract, or purchase order number which must be traceable to each carton, pallet, bin, etc. shipped, and that is stated explicitly on the certificate. Port authorities should be mandated to check certificates for each batch noting date analysed.

5. challenges associated with testing Management commitment Staff commitment Training & retraining of personnel Equipment cost (HPLC- about 40,000dolars) Consumables cost Carcinogenicity of aflatoxins Procuring standards (6ml of standard- 100,000)

6. Consumable Requirement ELISA KITS Reference standards Reference materials Class A glassware Automatic pipettes

7. Authenticity of results Method verification Participation in proficiency testing Use of certified reference materials In-house qc samples: spiking and recovery

8. sources, end uses and intended markets Products tested by NAFDAC are sampled at the port, warehouses of importers and exporters, (Industries small and large scale) Most commodities are packaged and labeled except export and certain individuals requesting for testing which is done either free or at a fee The products are meant for the supermarkets, local markets and exports

9. time, cost and payment for testing Time frame for analysis is one month Export 3 weeks Payments………(prices)

10. adequacy of lab services in Nigeria Nigeria does not have several laboratories testing for aflatoxins, NAFDAC is striving to be a regional laboratory for aflatoxin testing Accreditation process is on going

11. role of public versus private labs Public laboratories test products before they are registered by NAFDAC, few laboratories are analysing using ELISA method e.g. Animal Care and a few others Standard private laboratory that can test for aflatoxin is still a challenge in Nigeria

12. changes needed to improve situation Cooperation between all the Ministries and Agencies charged with the responsibility of monitoring food Re defining mandates All arms of government from local government, state and the Federal fulfilling their roles in food safety

13. import alerts in major foreign markets PeanutsKulikuli G.nut oil Maize Cereal product s MelonOgbono Durum beans SpicesGinger Ehuru seeds Total 2007321748135 2008211921117 200917311 201012831115 2011118111 20121111013 8412359139211102 % 7.83.91.02.02.957.812.78.82.01.0

14. What happen to rejects Border rejection Destruction – 60 cases Information and attention – withdrawal from market – 9 cases Re-dispatch – 17 cases Others – exhausted In all cases no distribution is allowed within the EU