1. Building Introduction & Thesis System 4: Central Geothermal System 1: Industry Standard System 2: Design System System 3: Domestic Geothermal Original Design Critique Conclusions “Sustainable HVAC Configurations for Condominiums” Hoboken, NJ Jenny Hamp Mechanical Option

2. Coconut Building: 15 Million Silver LEED Bijou Properties SHoP Architects Buro Happold Engineers

3. Building Introduction & Thesis System 4: Central Geothermal System 1: Industry Standard System 2: Design System System 3: Domestic Geothermal Original Design Critique Conclusions Thesis Analysis: Impact of Mechanical systems on Condominium building How much can we improve the total performance of condominiums by changing the mechanical system? What are the constraints for this kind of building?

4. e- Original Design Critique: Cooling

5. NG Original Design Critique: Heating

6. But to Understand why the Design System is LEED rated, we need to look at the standard condominium system e- Industry Standard System: Terminal Heat Pump So why is this the industry standard for Condominiums? -Inexpensive, and since the owner sees no payback, it’s the best choice -Only needs electricity installed to run -Virtually no responsibility for the owner after installed

7. Terminal Heat PumpOriginal Design $4800 /yr $16,000 Initial 4.4 G Btu/yr $40,000 Initial $3100/ yr 4.1 G Btu/yr

8. Maybe we can get the best of both systems. If a geothermal loop is used to improve the COP of packaged heat pumps, perhaps we can get high efficiency, have better heating distribution, and keep individual control. Terminal Packaged Geothermal Packaged Terminal Heat Pump

9. Original Design $40,000 Initial $3100/ yr 4.1 G Btu/yr $40,000 Initial $2050/ yr 1.2 G Btu/yr -0% -20% -40% -60% Terminal Packaged Geothermal

10. Is it possible to have better efficiency if we use a central plant? Packaged geothermal heat pumps are oversized and don’t have as good overall efficiency as central water to water heat pumps. So…. Central Geothermal Heat Pumps

11. $42,500 Initial $1830 / yr 1.0 G Btu/yr -0% -20% -40% -60% Domestic Geothermal Central Geothermal Heat Pumps $40,000 Initial $2050/ yr 1.2 G Btu/yr

12. Terminal Heat Pump Original Design $4800 /yr $16,000 Initial 4.4 G Btu/yr $40,000 Initial $3100/ yr 4.1 G Btu/yr $42,500 Initial $1830 / yr 1.0 G Btu/yr $40,000 Initial $2050/ yr 1.2 G Btu/yr Domestic GeothermalCentral Geothermal 5.6 G Btu/yr Source Energy 13.1 G Btu/yr 3.6 G Btu/yr 3.1 G Btu/yr $42,500 Initial $1830 / yr 1.0 G Btu/yr Central Geothermal 3.1 G Btu/yr

13. A better indicator of mechanical system performance… Total Building Emissions (Design System With compact fluorescents, CHP and Sensible Wheel)

14. Conclusions: Condominiums energy consumption can be significantly changed by investing in efficient mechanical systems. The need for autonomy and simple mechanical systems for condominiums excludes extensive energy saving measures Low energy consumption does not mean low emissions Conclusions The original design was the best price for the emissions The domestic geothermal was the best investment for the payback and for the LEED points

15. Thank you! Any Questions? Building Design Central GeothermalDomestic GeothermalBase Case Total Mechanical First Cost $1,200,000 $1,292,398 $1,217,545 $485,870 Total Yearly Maintenance Billing Fees $11,343 $9,843 $5,421 Condominium Mechanical First Cost Range $26,400$69,960$28,433$75,347$26,786$70,983$10,689$28,326 Condo Utility Bill Range $2,120$5,416$1,283$3,171$1,392$3,609$3,428$8,189 Total Pounds of Emissions 1,346,097 902,395 962,813 2,266,284 Total Mbtu's, Site 4,075,011 1,045,412 1,182,802 4,377,384 Total Mbtu's, Source 5,643,772 3,100,236 3,548,407 13,132,153 Payback over Base Case 1215898900 Payback over Design System 002211--

16. EER 15.1 Modeled as Linear unloading curves: Water to Water Geothermal, EER 19.8 Water to Air Geothermal, EER ~17.5