1. Unit 11: Human Body Part 2: Endocrine, Respiratory & Circulatory Systems Test Review Answers 1) Play the slide show 2) Read the question & try to answer before clicking to see the correct answer 3) Click to go to the next question

2. 1. What is the function of the endocrine system? ANSWER: To transmit chemical messages to control growth, development and metabolism

3. 2. What is a hormone? ANSWER: A chemical that influences cells

4. 3. What is a gland? Name the 2 types of glands. ANSWER: - An organ that releases materials in the body - Exocrine gland = nonhormonal chemicals through ducts; - Endocrine gland = secrets hormones into bloodstream

5. 4. For each of the following glands, name the FUNCTION of each. Also, indicate which is the most important. a. Adrenal glands = Response to stress  Hormone released: EPINEPHRINE (adrenaline) b. Pancreas = Regulates glucose levels  Hormone released: INSULIN

6. 4. For each of the following glands, name the FUNCTION of each. Also, indicate which is the most important. c. Pituitary gland = Controls/regulates other glands in body  Hormone released: Growth Hormone & Thyroid Stimulating Hormone d. Thyroid = Regulates metabolism  Hormone released: THYROXINE

7. 5. Describe how negative feedback loops control the amount of hormones released ANSWER: - Negative feedback helps the body adjust to changes both inside and outside the body to help maintain homeostasis - If low hormone level  increase hormone production in body - If high hormone level  descrease hormone production in body

8. 6. What is the function of the respiratory system? ANSWER: To exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen gas

9. 7. For inhalation and exhalation, describe how each occurs. ANSWER: a. Inhalation = rib muscles and diaphragm contract (diaphragm moves down, oxygen goes in) b. Exhalation = rib muscles and diaphragm relax (diaphragm moves up, carbon dioxide goes out)

10. 8. For each description of the respiratory system, identify the correct structure/area: ANSWER: a. Air enters & cilia/;mucus trap foreign material = Nose/Mouth b. Area common to both food & air; allows you to breathe through mouth and nose = Pharynx c. Small flap that open & closes to prevent food from entering = Epiglottis d. Known as the voice box; sound is produced as air passes through vocal cords = Larynx

11. 8. For each description of the respiratory system, identify the correct structure/area: ANSWER: e. Known as the windpipe; the main tube that air will go through = Trachea f. Division of the trachea/windpipe into each lung = Bronchi g. Smaller branches/divisions of bronchi that are found throughout each lung = Bronchioles h. Where oxygen & carbon dioxide are exchanged; made of small air sacs/clusters = Alveoli

12. 9. What surrounds the alveoli? ANSWER: CAPILLARIES

13. 10. What is the function of the circulatory system? ANSWER: To distribute oxygen and other nutrients to cells in the body

14. 11. For each description, identify the correct component of blood: a. Carries oxygen gas (using hemoglobin protein) and is made in bone marrow = red blood cells b. Cell fragments/pieces that help blood clot = platelets c. Liquid portion of blood made of ~90% water = plasma d. Help fight infection and is made in bone marrow = white blood cells

15. 12. For each description, identify the correct type of blood vessel: ANSWER: a.Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart; blood flow is controlled by valves = vein b. Tiny tubes with walls one cell thick; can carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood = capillaries c. Pumps oxygenated blood away from the heart = artery

16. 13. For each type of human blood types, what type of blood can each one receive? ANSWER: a. Type A = receive A or O blood b. Type B = receive B or O blood c. Type AB = receive A, B, AB, or O blood d. Type O = can only receive O blood

17. 14. Which blood type has no antigens? ANSWER: Type O

18. 15. What blood type is considered the universal donor? ANSWER: Type O-

19. 16. What blood type is considered the universal receiver of blood? ANSWER: Type AB+

20. 17. If you have Rh+ blood, what antigen do you have? Is Rh+ blood dominant or recessive to Rh- blood? ANSWER: Rh+ has antigen D Rh+ is dominant to Rh-

21. 18. Indentify the correct pathway of the circulatory system using the following: aorta, the body, left atrium, left ventricle, the lungs, pulmonary vein, right atrium, right ventricle, superior/inferior vena cava. ANSWER: a. Pulmonary vein (oxy) b. Left atrium (oxy) c. Left ventricle (oxy) d. Aorta (oxy) e. BODY (gets deoxygenated)

22. 18. Indentify the correct pathway of the circulatory system using the following: aorta, the body, left atrium, left ventricle, the lungs, pulmonary vein, right atrium, right ventricle, superior/inferior vena cava. ANSWER: f. Superior and inferior vena cava (deoxy) g. Right atrium (deoxy) h. Right ventricle (deoxy) i. Pulmonary artery (deoxy) j. LUNGS (gets oxygenated)

23. 19. Where does blood become oxygenated? ANSWER: Lungs

24. 20. Where does blood become deoxygenated? ANSWER: The Body

25. 21. What is the only artery that has deoxygenated blood? ANSWER: Pulmonary artery

26. 22. What is the only vein with oxygenated blood? ANSWER: Pulmonary vein

27. 23. Generally, which side of the heart has oxygenated blood and which side of the heart has deoxygenated blood? ANSWER: The LEFT side has oxygenated blood. The RIGHT side has deoxygenated blood.

28. A. Label the following diagram with the correct endocrine gland and hormone produced using the following terms: Adrenal gland, Epinephrine, Growth Hormone, Pancreas, Pituitary, Thyroid, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Thyroxine

29. B. LABEL THE DIAGRAM USING THE FOLLOWING TERMS: aorta, inferior vena cava, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, right atrium, right ventricle, superior vena cava

30. C. LABEL THE DIAGRAM USING THE FOLLOWING TERMS: alveoli, bronchus, bronchiole, epiglottis, larynx, nose, pharynx, trachea