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Respiratory System
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What is the purpose of respiring (breathing)? Respiration maintains homeostasis by exchanging GASES in an animal’s body In other words: To Absorb Oxygen and Release Carbon Dioxide
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Why do living organisms need oxygen? Where does the carbon dioxide we breath out come from?
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Respiration The energy released by respiration is used inside cells to power the group of chemical reactions, collectively called metabolism
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RESPIRATION For gases, O 2 and CO 2 to diffuse across any membrane, the membrane must be moist and thin The larger the surface area the greater the rate of diffusion. DIFFUSION
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Most animals have a respiratory system, which may use these organs/structures :
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Aquatic Arthropods Gills
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Must remain MOIST for diffusion to occur On land an animal with gills will DIE from a lack of oxygen (O 2 ) Gills are “feathery” and layered. This increases the SURFACE AREA
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Where does oxygen in water come from? Oxygen that is dissolved in the water from the atmosphere, It is NOT the oxygen (O) in H 2 O Red dots represent dissolved oxygen in water.
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What do these animals use to breathe?
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Respiratory Tract-Airway The airway consists of 1.Mouth 2.Nose 3.Pharynx (throat) 4.Trachea (windpipe) Air is warmed, moistened, and filtered to remove dirt and germs
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Trachea – the wind pipe The trachea is supported by cartilage rings which prevent it from collapsing In the lungs, the trachea branches into smaller and smaller tubes Bronchus Bronchioles
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LUNGS: Internal Structure Alveoli: Look like clusters of grapes--- around 300 million microscopic “grapes” This is the site of gas exchange
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ALVEOLI The alveoli are so efficient at gas exchange because they have a large surface area (see all the bumps and grooves)
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DIAPHRAGM Name means “ partition across ” Located underneath the lungs Large muscle that pulls air into the lungs
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Breathing is partially voluntary and partially involuntary
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Brain Signals & Breathing Cells in the medulla oblongata (part of the brain) detect the amount of CO 2 in the blood and respond by causing the diaphragm to contract.
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Intercostal Muscles In addition to the Diaphragm: Another set of muscles between the ribs, called the intercostals contract during breathing
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Trace the pathway of air through the human respiratory tract
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What is wrapped around the alveoli? Why? To exchange O 2 and CO 2 gases
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Find and highlight the artery and vein in the alveoli VEIN ARTERY
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Flash Player of Breathing http://teachhealthk- 12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/ AnatomyofBreathing3.swf
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Which one has more CO 2 ? Which one has more O 2 ? = artery Vein=
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LUNG CANCER Tar in the lungs: can’t exchange O 2 and CO 2
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BRONCHITIS NORMAL BRONCHIBRONCHUS Clogged bronchial tube: Less air gets through
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EMPHYSEMA Alveoli are broken: therefore less surface area; Less gas exchange
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PNEUMONIA Alveoli (air sacs) are filled with fluid: Less O 2 and CO 2 can be exchanged
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http://www.neok12.com/diagram/Respirato ry-System-01.htmhttp://www.neok12.com/diagram/Respirato ry-System-01.htm
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