1. Monitoring the Progressive Realisation of the Right to Food Presentation to the Bureau of the IGWG-RTFG 12 June 2003 FIVIMS Secretariat at FAO, Rome

2. Outline of the Presentation 1. What is Presently in Place? 2. What Needs to be Added from a Rights' Perspective? 3. Rights-Based Monitoring for Action 4. The Way Forward - An Action Agenda ● Need for Normative Work

3. Conceptual Framework on Food Security, Livelihoods and Nutrition NATIONAL, SUBNATIONAL AND COMMUNITY LEVELHOUSEHOLDSINDIVIDUALS Socio-economic, Political, Civil, Institutional, Physical and Cultural Environments Food Economy Demographic trends Education* Macro-economy Foreign trade Policies and laws* Natural resources* Basic public services* Domestic markets Technology* Climate conditions Urban/rural infra-structure* Civil strife*/ Armed conflict* Health trends (HIV/AIDS)* Household characteristics Livelihoods systems* Social institutions* Cultural attitudes* gender* FOOD AVAILABILITY (trends, levels) Food production Food imports (net) Utilisation (food, non-food) Stocks ACCESS TO FOOD (trends, levels) Food production Purchasing power Access to markets Social entitlements HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES, ASSETS & ACTIVITIES HOUSEHOLD FOOD ACCESS HEALTH & SANITATION Health care practices Hygiene Water quality Sanitation Food safety & quality FOOD CONSUMPTION Energy intake Nutrient intake FOOD UTILISATION BY THE BODY Health status NUTRITIONAL STATUS CARE PRACTICES Child care Feeding practices Nutritional knowledge Food preparation Eating habits Intra-household food distribution STABILITY OF FOOD AVAILABILITY AND ACCESS (Variability) Market integration and functioning Stock management * Rights or rights-related

4. Achieving the Right to Food Security Right to Food Security Equity Household characteristics Foreign trade Demographic trends Climate Macro-economy Markets Education Livelihoods systems Basic public services Armed conflict Policies and laws Urban rural infrastructure Technology Health Gender Cultural customs Social institutions Natural resources Governance Accountability Transparency Participation Non-discrimination Efficiency

5. Rights-based Monitoring for Food Security Impact and Process Indicators of Food Security CFS Core Indicators; SOFIs; VA Reports HD Reports (2000); CCAs; PRSPs; MDGs Chapman (2000); Mokhiber (2001);WGNEHR-SCN (2001) Issues : Conceptually relevant? Meet information needs of duty bearers and rights holders? Provide transparent messages? Generated in participatory ways? Country level specificity?

6. Rights-based Monitoring for Food Security Information Gathering and Transformation Process –Indicator development and testing: rights-focused process indicators and indicators of associative ESC rights (water, land, health, education, personal security) Impact –Monitoring of number of hungry people =/= monitoring of the realisation of the right to food

7. Rights-based Monitoring for Food Security Information Analysis and Interpretation Process –Pro-RtFS budget analysis –Analysis of existing legislation, policies and administrative norms (protect, respect, facilitate, provide) –Analysis of institutional policies. and of implementation methods of food security measures –Analysis of social control mechanisms Impact –Linking RtFS impacts to underlying causes, and to rights- focused process indicators –Analysis of distributional effects among different population groups and different geographical areas of measures and actions to improve the right to food security situation –Monitoring of number of hungry people =/= monitoring of the realisation of the right to food

8. Rights-based Monitoring for Food Security Information Dissemination Process and Impact –Dissemination methods that facilitate transmission of messages in culturally sensitive ways, and in (non-technical) language that can be understood by different duty bearers and rights holders –Identification of key duty bearers and rights holder groups involved in the implementation of the right to food security and of associative rights, and meet their information needs for decision making and action

9. The FIVIMS Basic Questions WHO are the food insecure or vulnerable to food insecurity? (Whose rights to food security are violated or are likely to be violated?) WHERE are located the food insecure or those vulnerable to food insecurity? (Where are located those whose rights to food security are violated or are likely to be violated?) WHY are they food insecure or vulnerable to food insecurity? (Why are their rights to food security violated, or are likely to be?) WHAT needs to be done to reduce/eliminate their food insecurity and vulnerability? (What needs to be done by duty bearers to respect, protect, facilitate and fulfill their rights to food security?)

10. INFORMATION USERS (DUTY BEARERS AND RIGHTS HOLDERS) USES of RIGHTS-BASED MONITORING INFORMATION Public Policy and Programme Decision Makers  Budget Planning  Formulation and Monitoring of Sector Plans and Programmes  Formulation of Development Strategies and Plans  Planning of Public Services  Periodic Reporting on the Realisation of ESC Rights - Nationally and Internationally Legislators  Formulation of Legislative Bills – Social and Economic Policy  Allocation of Public Resources  Monitoring Public Policies and Programmes Technical Staff (Public Sector, National and Sub-national (province, district) Levels  Development of Technological Packages  Preparation and Monitoring of Action Plans  Analysis and Formulation of Policy and Programme Options; Monitoring of Local and Targeted Programmes and Projects  Advocacy vis à vis Central Authorities and Technical Co-operation Agencies INFORMATION USER GROUPS AND USES OF RIGHTS- BASED MONITORING INFORMATION 1/3

11. INFORMATION USERS (DUTY BEARERS AND RIGHTS HOLDERS) USES of RIGHTS-BASED MONITORING INFORMATION Local Government Authorities  Administration and Allocation of Financial Resources  Advocacy vis a vis Central Authorities  Formulation and Monitoring of Local Action Plans Civil Society Organisations (Non-governmental and community organisations, Labour unions, Professional associations, Consumer protection agencies)  Formulation of Projects and Action Plans  Policy Advocacy vis a vis Central and Local Authorities and Technical Co-operation Agencies  Social Mobilisation  Informal Education and Training Bi- and Multi-lateral Donors  Formulation and Monitoring of Technical Co- operation Projects  Resource Allocation  Policy Advocacy vis à vis Central Authorities  Targeting of Technical Co-operation and Financial Aid – Vulnerable Population Groups; Geographical Areas  Establishing Priorities for Technical Co-operation and Financial Assistance among Countries. INFORMATION USER GROUPS AND USES OF RIGHTS-BASED MONITORING INFORMATION 2/3

12. INFORMATION USERS (DUTY BEARERS AND RIGHTS HOLDERS) USES of RIGHTS-BASED MONITORING INFORMATION Researchers/Analysts  Studies and Analysis of Food and Nutrition Issues and Policies Training Institutions  Training Needs Assessments  Preparation of Training Manuals and Didactic Materials  Preparation of Course Contents Mass Media  Preparation of Print Articles, and Radio and Television Reports on Food Security and Nutrition Issues, Policy Debates and Current Events Individuals (Rights Holders)  Effective Participation in Public Debates on Rights Issues  Grass Roots Political and Social Mobilisation and Control  Greater Awareness of Food, Nutrition and Broader Development Issues INFORMATION USER GROUPS AND USES OF RIGHTS- BASED MONITORING NFORMATION 3/3

13. The Way Forward – An Action Agenda Overall Strategy: Build on existing monitoring information systems Assess what is in place from a human rights’ perspective Integrate human rights concepts and rights’ based processes where lacking Ensure that the RtFS monitoring process is participatory, empowering, transparent, and provides basis for holding duty bearers accountable

14. Goal: Understanding the information needs of duty bearers and rights holder groups Actions –Participatory Information users assessments –Continuous dialogue between information providers and information users Normative Work Development of guidelines to conduct information users assessments from a rights perspective. In-country piloting of draft guidelines coupled with capacity building. The Way Forward - An Action Agenda

15. Goal : Dissemination of information with respect to the implementation of the right to food in ways so that it is technically accessible, and socio-culturally relevant and interpretable, for/by different duty bearers and rights holder groups Actions –Capacity building in the preparation of different information products targeted at different users groups –Adequate resources allocated (human and financial resources) Normative Work Development of methodological guidelines for the preparation of different monitoring information products (including international reporting) and for the preparation of information messages that are action-oriented, and targeted at different duty bearers and rights holder groups The Way Forward - An Action Agenda

16. Goal : Broadening the information base to include rights-based impact and process indicators, and establish a valid baseline that includes both types of indicators Actions – Conduct assessments of existing information systems and networks, and identify information gaps – Develop a national information strategy and work plan to fill information gaps over time and strengthen information sharing. Normative Work Develop methodological guidelines on conducting assessments of existing information systems and networks that lead to the formulation of a national strategy and work plan. In-country piloting of draft guidelines, coupled with capacity building. The Way Forward - An Action Agenda

17. Goal : Strengthening integrated analysis linking process and impact indicators, as well as disaggregated impact analysis Action Capacity building in appropriate statistical methods, mapping techniques and in conceptualising appropriate analysis Normative Work Development of guidelines for rights-based information analysis. In-country piloting of guidelines, coupled with capacity building. The Way Forward - An Action Agenda

18. Goal : Broadening participation in monitoring by duty bearers and rights holders of the implementation of the right to food security Actions –Adaptation of information systems to integrate qualitative information, indigenous knowledge and quantitative information –Capacity building in simple participatory monitoring methods among different stakeholder groups Normative Work Synthesis and dissemination of participatory and transparent monitoring and evaluation methods, targeted at different stakeholder groups, particularly at sub-national levels. The Way Forward - An Action Agenda