1. pp. 104 - 113

2.  An estimate of how much land and water is needed to support a person’s lifestyle  Includes the land and water needed to produce the resources as well as wastes produced.  The average Canadian requires 8.9ha (17 football fields) to maintain their lifestyle.  If everyone on earth lived like this we would need 5.7 earths.

3.  Calculating ecological footprints enables us see how much we need to change or evaluate progress.  Can be calculated for a person, building, town, province, country, or continent.

4. Country Footprint (ha/person) India0.86 Pakistan0.64 Japan4.77 United States9.57

5.  Environmental steward - taking care of our natural resources to ensure that they are used in sustainable ways for current and future generations.  Stewardship includes activities such as:  Reducing the amount of resources we use  Reusing items instead of throwing them away  Renew /recycling used items.  Conserving existing ecosystems and restoring damaged ones.

6.  In the 1980’s the Environmental Farm Plan (EFP) was created.  The EFP is a tool that farmers can use to identify environmental problems on their farms and develop action plans to address these problems  Example: pesticides have been reduced by 50 percent on Ontario farms since the EFP started.

7.  Integrated pest management - method of pest control that uses knowledge about a pest’s biology and habitats.  Uses common sense methods to control pests, not eliminate them.  Rotating crops can help because many pests only eat one kind of plant.

8.  Soil is a limited resource. It takes hundreds of years to form  Soil conservation - using farming methods that protect the soil from erosion and loss of nutrients.  Example: No-till farming leaves roots from previous year’s crops. The roots help to prevent erosion. Not all plants can be planted this way.

9.  Organic farming - organic farms do not use chemical fertilizers or pesticides.  Reduces water pollution. However  Cannot produce the same amount of food as a non- organic farm.

10.  Centralized production of food is more efficient because one plant ships everything.  This is possible due to modern refrigeration and efficient transportation networks.  But if contamination occurs all the food must be recalled, and this is very expensive. Currently, in North America, many foods are grown and processed on a very large scale. It is very efficient, but.....

11.  Decentralized food production can help reduce this problem  And locally grown food takes less energy to bring to a store.  Sustainable agriculture and eating locally produced foods are connected.  Buying locally supports local farmers – farmers continue to farm  Locally grown produce tends to be fresher

12.  Forest Stewardship Council of Canada (FSC) is a non-governmental organization.  This organization sets standards for sustainable forest management and certifies forests and forestry practices that meet their standards.

13. For a forestry practice to be certified:  Waterways and wildlife habitat have to be protected.  Parts of the forest have to be preserved.  The cut areas have to be replanted.  The cut areas cannot be replanted with just a single species. The forest must be able to achieve a wild state.

14.  Customers can tell if a there wood products have been cut in a sustainable manner by looking for the FSC symbol.

15. Like a wild forest, an urban forest includes all the trees and shrubs present as well as their soils.

16.  Healthy urban forests can help communities achieve many sustainability goals, such as removing excess carbon from the atmosphere.  Large trees can remove 50 times more carbon than small trees can. They also reduce energy consumption by providing shade.  Shaded buildings = less air conditioning = energy conservation

17.  Slow run off from rainstorms  Reduces water in storm-sewers  Reduced soil erosion  Filter chemicals in the air  Repair damaged soil  Habitat for other species  Nice to look at

18.  The thousands of large buildings and millions of homes in Canada have a significant effect on the environment.  Building them, living in them, and heating and cooling them uses energy, uses many different resources, and produces many different types of pollution.

19.  The Canada Green Building Council uses the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system. Libraries, schools, office buildings, and homes can be scored on  Water consumption  Energy consumption  Use of renewable resources  Reuse and restoration of buildings  Incorporating daylight

20.  Manufacturers of cleaning products are introducing “green” cleaning products that do not have phosphates and other substances that cause eutrophication or degrade ecosystems in other ways.

21.  Many manufacturers have their products certified by independent ecological certifying organizations, such as EcoLogo.

22.  Bullfrog Power is an Ontario company that sells environmentally friendly electricity produced from renewable sources such as wind turbines and low-impact hydroelectric projects.

23.  Boomerang paints takes recycling seriously.  It takes leftover paint from recycling centres, sorts the leftovers by colour, and blends similar shades into new paint shades.  The leftover paint cans are melted down and reshaped into new paint cans. The reclaimed paint is then sold in the recycled cans.

24.  Read pp. 104 – 113  Answer the following questions:  p. 109 # 1, 3, 5  p. 114 # 3, 4  p. 116 # 4, 7, 11, 13