1. Unit 2: Native Texas and It’s People 1200s – 1800s

2. Regions of Texas

3. Coastal Plains Central Plains Great Plains Mountains and Basins Austin San Antonio Houston Dallas Ft. Worth Midland Odessa Amarillo Lubbock El Paso Brownsville Sabine River Neches River Red River Trinity Pecos Brazos Colorado San Antonio River Guadalupe Nueces River Rio Grande Balcones Escarpment Llano Estacado Palo Dura Canyon

4.  Coastal Plains Physical Characteristics Plains, desert, hills, Balcones Escarpment All rivers flow through this region Climate - Mild Human Characteristics Highway systems Location of most major cities Dams Fishing/ Tourism

5.  Central Plains Physical Characteristics Rolling prairies, a few rivers Climate – hot summer, cold winters Human Characteristics Industries – agriculture, manufacturing, military defense

6.  Great Plains Physical Characteristics Canyons, escarpments, plains, aquifers, plateaus Climate – hot summers, cold winters Human Characteristics Irrigation Industries – ranching and agriculture Wind farms Dams Oil/gas and ranching

7.  Mountains and Basins Physical Characteristics River, deserts Climate – hot days, cold nights, hot short summers, cold winters Human Characteristics Industries – cattle, sheep and goat ranching Big Bend National Park Dams

8. Natives of Texas

9.   Karankawas  Coahuiltecans  Atakapans The Coastal Plains

10.   Diet: Fish and Sharks  Name: dog-lovers/owners  Location: Nomads – migrated from place to place  Habitat: wigwams  Language: karankawa – distinct  Religion: not specific  Ritualistic cannibals Karankawas

11.   Diet: bones, animals, pecans, berries  Name: Not known  Location: upper Neches river valley  Habitat: wigwams:-grass  Language: not distinct  Religion: not specific Coahuiltecans

12.   Diet: fish, berries,  Name: eater of men  Location: lower Neches river valley  Habitat: wigwams:-grass  Language: Atakapan  Religion: not specific  Ritualistic cannibals Atakapans

13.   Wichitas  Caddos The North Central Plains

14.   Diet: maize, pumpkins, plums, squash, not fish. Wichitas

15.   Location: moved a little, winter to west to hunt buffalo. Wichitas

16.   Habitat: Grass Houses Wichitas

17.   Language: Wichita – part of caddoan language.  Chiefs, subchiefs  Women raised children until 10 years of age.  Boys went with their fathers, girls with their mothers.  Neighbors could punish unruly children. Wichitas

18.   Attire: tan hides for men and women  Men and women had tattooed lines on their bodies. Wichitas

19.   Religion: third in charge were the Shamans who practiced Wichita religious ceremonies. Wichitas

20.   Tribes: Split into two tribes Kadohadacho – Oklahoma and Arkansas  The Tejas or Hasinai – means friends  All these tribes were friends Caddos

21.   Diet: corn, beans, and squash  The caddoes were farmers Caddos

22.   Location: lived in East Texas Woods.  Used wood for various farming tools and houses. Caddos

23.   Habitat: grass huts made of wood and cane. Had beds and chairs inside. Caddos

24.   Language: Caddo – different tribes will speak caddoan including the Wichitas Caddos

25.   Religion: Caddo – similar to Wichitas with Shaman and all. Caddos

26.   Apaches  Commanches The Great Plains

27.   Name: Means enemy  Moved from Canada Region about 1528.  Newer Tribe. Apaches

28.   Langauge: Athapaskan Apaches

29.   Diet: Hunted buffalo on foot before the horse, farmed beans, corn, and squash. Apaches

30.   Location: Southern Great Plains Apaches

31.   Habitat: Tee-pee or wigwam Apaches

32.   Attire: Tan hid jackets or loincloth Apaches

33.  Usually fierce warriors, but fair traders. Migrated into Texas around 1700s, when Europeans had already made contact with other tribes. Traded mostly stolen stuff like horses, weapons, women, and children of other tribes or European settlements. Commanches

34.  Attire: Well dressed leather pants, European shirts, and boots. Commanches

35.  Language: Spanish, French, English, Shoshone Commanches

36.  Habitat: Tee Pees Commanches

37.  Diet: meat, buffalo, corn, squash, and beans. Commanches

38.  1. Jumanos Mountains and Basins

39.   Jumanos traveled a great deal. Location: Lived in New Mexico, Mexico, Mountains and Basins region in Texas and the south Great Plain in Texas Jumanos

40.  Habitat: Pueblos Jumanos

41.  Attire: Tatted bodies Tan hides and coats for long winters Jumanos

42.  Language: Tanoan Jumanos