1. I. U.S. Involvement in WWII and the Home Front

2. A. Presidential Election of 1940 Franklin D. Roosevelt ran for an unprecedented third term 1. Democratic Candidate: Franklin D. Roosevelt ran for an unprecedented third term Wendell Willkie 2. Republican Candidate: Wendell Willkie 3. Electoral Count: FDR 449 to Willkie 82. Popular vote much closer.

3. FDR and Wendell Willkie

4. B. U.S. Foreign Policy 1940s: Franklin D. Roosevelt 1. By 1940, France had fallen to the Germans and Britain was in great financial crisis 2. Washington was questioning the wisdom of neutrality 3. Congress passed the first peacetime draft on September 6, 1940

5. C. From Cash and Carry to Lend- Lease 1. As a result of Britain ’ s financial crisis, the U.S. passed the Lend-Lease Bill, patriotically number HR 1776, in March of 1941 2. The Lend-Lease Bill eventually provided over $50 billion worth of arms and equipment to those nations fighting aggressors 3. This was a direct change in the Neutrality Laws of the 1930s

6. FDR Signs the Lend-Lease Bill

7. D. Undeclared War 1. The Axis Powers viewed the Lend-Lease Bill as an unofficial declaration of war 2. German U-Boats began attacking U.S. merchant ships and U.S. destroyers in the Atlantic 3. Robin Moor – Merchant ship sunk by u-boat 4. Greer- Destroyer, attacked

8. 5. Kearny – Destroyer, crippled but not sunk 6. Ruben James – Destroyer – sunk with a loss of over 100 men 7. Congress provided for the legal arming of merchant ships

9. E. Atlantic Charter 1. Secret meeting between FDR and Churchill on a warship off the coast of Newfoundland 2. Both leaders agreed that the people had the right to choose their own form of government and proposed a new League of Nations (many other factors were included)

10. F. Pearl Harbor 1. Japan joined the Berlin-Rome Axis in June of 1940 2.Late 1940, Washington imposed the first of many embargoes on Japan – Japan was VERY dependent on U.S. steel, scrap iron, and oil

11. 3. Negotiations between Japan and Washington took place in November and early December of 1941 4.U.S. State Department insisted the Japanese leave China – if they complied the U.S. would began some trade 5. Japan refused the offer – which meant war 6. U.S. officials were aware of this decision early – cracked the code of the Japanese diplomats to Japan

12. 7. As a democracy the U.S. could not strike first 8.U.S. knew the Japanese would attack in the Pacific – they did not know where

13. 9.DECEMBER 7, 1941 – Sunday morning without warning – Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii – over 2,000 Americans died 10. “ A date which will live in infamy ” – FDR addressed Congress the following day – Congress was one vote shy of a unanimous decision for war 11.December 11, 1941 – Italy and Germany declared war on the U.S.

15. G. Wartime Production and the Economy 1. War Production Board took charge of American industry 2.1942 production: 40 billion bullets; 300, 000 aircraft; 76,000 ships; 86,000 tanks, and 2.6 million machine guns

16. 3. Office of Price Administration 4. Took control of inflation of scare goods 5. Rationing of meat and butter held down consumption 6. War Labor Board 7. Imposed ceilings on wage increases 8.Rash of labor walkouts increased due to the resentment of wage restrictions

17. 9. Wartime cost – over $330 billion 10. 2/5 of the cost were paid from current revenue 11. Remainder was borrowed – national debt went from $49 billion 1941 to $259 billion in 1945

18. H. Office of War Mobilization

19. I. Japanese Internment 1. Washington feared that some Japanese- Americans might act as spies for Japan 2. Over 110,000 Japanese- Americans (2/3 were American born U.S. Citizens) were forced into internment camps in 1942

20. 3. Supreme Court upheld this decision in 1944 – Korematsu v. U.S. 4. 1988 the U.S. Government officially apologized for its actions and approved payment of reparations of $20,000 to each survivor

21. Japanese Internment

22. J. Womanpower 1. The armed services enlisted over 15 million men and 216,000 women 2. WAACS (army), WAVES (navy), SPARS (coast guard) – non-combat duties 3. 6 million women worked outside of the home

23. 4. “ Rosie the Riveter ” 5. Governmental day- cares were created to care for over 3,000 children

24. K. Migration Shifts 1. War industries created major migration shifts and boomtowns such as Los Angeles, Detroit, Baton Rouge 2. The South received a large amount of defense contracts – origins of the postwar “ Sunbelt ”

25. Origins of the Sunbelt resulted from WWII Migration Shifts

26. 3. 1.6 million African-Americans left the South to find jobs in the West and North 4. Racial tensions erupted across the country 5. A. Philip Randolph threatened a march on Washington in 1941 to demand equal employment opportunities 6. FDR responded with the creation of the FEPC and an executive order to forbid discrimination in defense industries