2. WATER Essential for the survival of all living beings.. Essential for the survival of all living beings..

3. Uses of Water Apart from drinking, there are so many activities for which you use water like brushing, bathing, washing utensils and clothes, cleaning floor and so on.. Apart from drinking, there are so many activities for which you use water like brushing, bathing, washing utensils and clothes, cleaning floor and so on.. Without water the circulation of blood will not be possible in our body. Without water the circulation of blood will not be possible in our body. Water only make the soil fertile. Water only make the soil fertile. Water is also used in transportation, irrigation, industries and generating electricity. Water is also used in transportation, irrigation, industries and generating electricity. It is needed by plants for photosynthesis. It is needed by plants for photosynthesis.

4. HOW MUCH WATER DO WE USE ? We use lots and lots of water for our daily purpose. We use lots and lots of water for our daily purpose. Sometimes we even waste water unnecessarily. Sometimes we even waste water unnecessarily. Instead of one mug we may use one bucket of water. Instead of one mug we may use one bucket of water.

5. WHERE DO WE GET WATER FROM ??? We get water from many sources. We get water from well, rivers, lakes, ponds etc. Do you know that about two thirds of the Earth is covered with water? Most of this water is in seas and oceans. Water in oceans has many salts in it- the water is saline. So, it is not fit for drinking, agricultural and industrial needs. A famous poet named S.T.Coleridge wrote a poem- Rime of the ancient Mariner”. Two lines from the poem.Water water everywhere,Nor any drop to drink. Here the poet has described the plight of sailors on a ship lost in the ocean.

6. WATER IS PRECIOUS WATER IS PRECIOUS

7. WATER CYCLE JOURNEY OF WATER FROM LAND TO THE SKY AND BACK

8. 1. EVAPORATION THE SUN’S HEAT PROVIDES ENERGY TO EVAPORATE WATER FROM THE EARTH’S SURFACE. PLANTS ALSO LOOSE WATER TO THE AIR. THIS IS CALLED TRANSPIRATION.

9. 2. CONDENSATION The water vapour eventually condenses, forming tiny droplets in clouds. The water vapour eventually condenses, forming tiny droplets in clouds. As we go higher and higher from the surface of earth, it gets cooler. As we go higher and higher from the surface of earth, it gets cooler. At sufficient height, the air becomes so cool that the water vapour present in it condenses to form tiny drops of water called droplets. At sufficient height, the air becomes so cool that the water vapour present in it condenses to form tiny drops of water called droplets.

10. 3. PRECIPITATION When the clouds meet cool air over land, precipitation (rain, snow) is triggered. When the clouds meet cool air over land, precipitation (rain, snow) is triggered. Many droplets of water come together to form larger sized drops of water. Many droplets of water come together to form larger sized drops of water. Some drops of water become too heavy that they begin to fall. Some drops of water become too heavy that they begin to fall. Thus water returns to the land. Thus water returns to the land.

11. 4. COLLECTION MOST OF THE WATER FLOWS DOWNHILL AS RUNOFF, EVENTUALLY RETURNING TO THE SEAS. MOST OF THE WATER FLOWS DOWNHILL AS RUNOFF, EVENTUALLY RETURNING TO THE SEAS. A PART OF THE RAINWATER GETS ABSORBED BY THE GROUND. A PART OF THE RAINWATER GETS ABSORBED BY THE GROUND. SOME OF THIS WATER IS BROUGHT BACK TO THE AIR BY THE PROCESS OF EVAPORATION OR TRANSPIRATION. SOME OF THIS WATER IS BROUGHT BACK TO THE AIR BY THE PROCESS OF EVAPORATION OR TRANSPIRATION. MOST OF THIS WATER IS AVAILABLE TO US AS GROUND WATER. MOST OF THIS WATER IS AVAILABLE TO US AS GROUND WATER.

12. WATER CYCLE THUS, WATER FROM THE OCEAN AND SURFACE OF THE EARTH GOES INTO AIR AS VAPOUR. THUS, WATER FROM THE OCEAN AND SURFACE OF THE EARTH GOES INTO AIR AS VAPOUR. RETURNS AS RAIN, HAIL OR SNOW RETURNS AS RAIN, HAIL OR SNOW GOES BACK TO THE OCEAN. GOES BACK TO THE OCEAN. THIS CIRCULATION OF WATER IS KNOWN AS WATER CYCLE. THIS CIRCULATION OF WATER IS KNOWN AS WATER CYCLE.

14. CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF FLOODS AND DROUGHT.

15. What If It Rains Heavily In our country, most of the rainfall occurs during the monsoon season. In our country, most of the rainfall occurs during the monsoon season. Rains bring relief especially after hot summer days. Rains bring relief especially after hot summer days. The sowing of many crops depends on the arrival of monsoon. The sowing of many crops depends on the arrival of monsoon. However, excess rainfall may lead to many problems. However, excess rainfall may lead to many problems.

16. Heavy rains may lead to rise in the level of water in rivers, lakes and ponds. Heavy rains may lead to rise in the level of water in rivers, lakes and ponds. The water may then spread over large areas causing FLOODS. The water may then spread over large areas causing FLOODS. The crop fields, forests, villages, and cities submerged by water. The crop fields, forests, villages, and cities submerged by water.

17. In our country, floods cause extensive damage to crops, domestic animals, property and human life. In our country, floods cause extensive damage to crops, domestic animals, property and human life. During floods, the animals living in the water also get carried away with the waters. During floods, the animals living in the water also get carried away with the waters. They often get trapped on land areas and die when floodwater recedes. They often get trapped on land areas and die when floodwater recedes.

18. WHAT HAPPENS IF IT DOES NOT RAIN FOR LONG When it does not rain for the soil continues to lose water by evaporation and transpiration. When it does not rain for the soil continues to lose water by evaporation and transpiration. Since it is not being brought as rain, the soil becomes dry. The level of water in ponds and wells of the region goes down and some of them may even dry up. Since it is not being brought as rain, the soil becomes dry. The level of water in ponds and wells of the region goes down and some of them may even dry up.

19. The ground water may also scarce. This may lead to DROUGHT. The ground water may also scarce. This may lead to DROUGHT. In drought conditions, it is difficult to get food and fodder. In drought conditions, it is difficult to get food and fodder.

20. HOW TO CONSERVE WATER Only a small fraction of water on the earth is fit for the use of plants, animals and humans. Only a small fraction of water on the earth is fit for the use of plants, animals and humans. Most of the water is in the oceans and it cannot be used directly. Most of the water is in the oceans and it cannot be used directly. When the level of the ground water decreases drastically, this cannot be used any more. When the level of the ground water decreases drastically, this cannot be used any more.

21. The total amount of water on Earth remains the same, but, the water available for use is very limited and is decreasing with over usage. The total amount of water on Earth remains the same, but, the water available for use is very limited and is decreasing with over usage. The demand for water is increasing day-by-day. The number of people using water is increasing with rising population. The demand for water is increasing day-by-day. The number of people using water is increasing with rising population.

22. In many cities, long queues for collection of water are a common site. In many cities, long queues for collection of water are a common site. Also, more and more water is being used for producing food and by industries. Also, more and more water is being used for producing food and by industries. These factors are leading to shortage of water in many parts of the world like Japan. These factors are leading to shortage of water in many parts of the world like Japan. Hence, it is very important that water is used very carefully. We take care not to waste water. Hence, it is very important that water is used very carefully. We take care not to waste water.

23. RAINWATER HARVESTING One way of increasing the availability of water is to collect rain water. Collecting rainwater in this way is called One way of increasing the availability of water is to collect rain water. Collecting rainwater in this way is called RAINWATER HARVESTING. The basic idea behind rainwater harvesting is “Catch water where it falls”. The basic idea behind rainwater harvesting is “Catch water where it falls”.

24. Here are two techniques of rainwater harvesting : Here are two techniques of rainwater harvesting : 1. Rooftop rainwater harvesting : In this system the rainwater is collected from the rooftop to a storage tank, through pipes. This water may contain soil from the roof and need filtering before it is used. Instead of collecting rainwater in the tank, the pipes can go directly into a pit in the ground. This then seeps into the soil to recharge or refill the ground water.

25. 2. Another option is to allow water to go into the ground directly from the roadside drains that collect rainwater.

26. WATER – WATER – PRECIOUS FOR LIFE PRECIOUS FOR LIFE