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Space Exploration & Rocketry Power and Transportation Technology By: Mr. Smith
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What Will We Learn and Do? Learn about space travel… Discuss why we explore space… View photos of the space… shuttle and various rockets… Learn how a rocket operates… Learn about the forces that act on a rocket… Discuss Sir Isaac Newton and the 3 laws of Motion… Watch the movie “October Sky” Design, Build and Launch a model Rocket…
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Why Space? Exploration What’s out there… Life on other planets… Another planet that could sustain life… New Elements that may be useful to us… Can you think of anything else?
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International Space Station By clicking the picture you’ll see it come together.
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Photographs Shuttle, Cape Canaveral, and more… Go to Google Images type in “Space, or Shuttle, etc.” to find more pictures on your own.
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Rockets and how they work Lets find out how they move.
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How Does A Rocket Work? Propulsion… Rockets are forced upward by producing extreme amounts of thrust from the rear of their body tube. The Space Shuttle weighs in at 4.5 million pounds and requires over 7 million pounds of thrust to propel it into orbit 200 miles above earth.
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Propulsion Device Rocket Engine(s) Rocket Engines come in two forms; Solid Fuel Liquid Fuel Rocket engines contain important substances in order to work in space where there is no air – or Oxygen.
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Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton presented three natural laws of motion in 1686. One of the three laws explains how rocket thrust pushing down pushes the shuttle up. 1 st Law of Motion… 2 nd Law of Motion… 3 rd Law of Motion…
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The Laws of Motion 1 st Law of Motion If an object is motionless, it will stay motionless unless acted upon by some force. 2 nd Law of Motion The greater the force on an object, the greater the acceleration -- (F = m*a). 3 rd Law of Motion For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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3 rd Law of Motion Though all three laws apply to rocketry our major focus will be on the third… For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. This is why a Rocket Engine is classified as a “Reaction” Engine The Downward thrust will push our model Rocket up.
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Examples of Reactions Letting go of an inflated balloon. Shooting a Shotgun (Recoil). Spraying high pressure water or air.
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Solid Rocket Engines The Space Shuttle uses Solid Fuel Engines like the ones we use when we build model rockets. The Solid Fuel Engines the shuttle uses are called the Rocket Boosters or SRBs for short Though bigger, they are much the same. After the ignition of a flammable substance, an explosive force takes place thrusting exhaust from the rear of the engine. The Primary Purpose of the SRBs is to get the shuttle moving to the point that the Main engines can take over.
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Solid Rocket Engines Con’t… The boosters contain solid propellant packed into a cylindrical container. As the propellant burns, thrust is produced downward. This downward pressure forces the shuttle upward. The SRBs are dropped before exiting the earth’s atmosphere and like the shuttle, can be used over and over. This keeps NASA’s cost down SRBs
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Liquid Fuel Rocket Engines Liquid-Fuel rocket engines are much more complex than solid-fuel. The advantage to Liquid fuel is that they are safer. We can control the amount of thrust by controlling the amount of fuel and oxygen we inject into the combustion chamber.
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Robert Goddard In 1926, Robert Goddard tested the first liquid- propellant rocket engine. Goddard used Gasoline and Liquid Oxygen. He is pictured here with his original design. It flew for only 2.5 seconds, climbed 41 feet, and landed 184 feet away.
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Propellants and Oxidizers Fuel and Oxidizers are components of every rocket engine. An Oxidizer is a chemical substance that mixes with fuel to allow combustion. Propellants are mixtures of fuel and oxidizers. Fire… Fire… !
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Fuels and Oxidizers (con’t) Solid Fuel Rocket Engines combine Fuels and Oxidizers into a cylindrical container with one open end. The fuel and amount of oxygen contained in this type of engine determines the amount of thrust it can produce. Cannot be stopped once started – must burn completely. Liquid Fuel Rocket Engines Have storage tanks on board that separate and store the liquefied fuel and oxidizer. Can be regulated during flight like a Fuel injection system used on cars, boats, and motorcycles today. Can be shut down in the case of an emergency.
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Model Rocket Engines Model Rocket Engines are Solid Fuel Engines. Heavier rockets require a larger engine. Though larger, the basic shape and design is the same. Note the names of the various parts of a rocket engine.
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The Rocket Engine In Action
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Engine Phases Using the labeled view, follow the progress of the Engine as it ignites and takes off. The Second drawing shows the Ignition of propellant. Once ignited, rockets take less than 1 second to leave the launch pad.
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Engine Phases (con’t.) Thrust is produced through the Boost phase. The Yellow Material is the Delay Material. It burns slow and does not add thrust. Last is the Ejection Charge (in Purple). The purpose of this phase is to dislodge the nose cone, and release the recovery system.
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Phases of Model Rocket Flight Countdown Ignition Igniter Heats and lights propellant Launch Rocket leaves Launch Pad Powered Flight – Propellant Burns Thrust from rocket engine Coast Phase – Delay Material Burns Slow burn to use up rockets momentum Ejection Charge – Explosion Takes Place Nose Cone & Recovery System Ejected. Slow Descent Recovery System Slows Rocket’s Descent to Earth Recovery Rocket is Recovered and can be re-used The Next Slide will show you a drawing of each Phase.
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Flight Path of a Model Rocket
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Parts of a Model Rocket You will need to label the parts of a model rocket for a grade.
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Nose Cone NOSE CONE Usually made of balsa wood or plastic, helps to direct airflow smoothly around rocket.
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PAYLOAD SECTION PAYLOAD SECTION Area for electronics, cameras, eggs, or any other load allowed by the safety code. Not common on most Rockets.
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Body Tube BODY TUBE Usually made of paper, plastic or any other crushable material. The body tube is the basic airframe to which all other parts are attached.
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Recovery System RECOVERY SYSTEM A parachute, streamer or any other device or system that will safely return the model.
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Launch Lug LAUNCH LUG Small tube that fits over a rod to help keep the model stable during the first few feet of flight. The Launch Lug resembles a Straw.
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Recovery Wadding RECOVERY WADDING Keeps hot ejection gasses from damaging the recovery system. Without Recovery Wadding, the parachute would become damaged and melt. A melted Chute will not slow the rocket enough for a safe landing.
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Fins FINS Usually made of balsa wood or plastic, and located at the rear of the rocket. Fins are what keep a model rocket flying straight up.
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Engine Mount ENGINE MOUNT Holds the engine securely and keeps the heat of the engine away from the body tube.
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Rocket Launch
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On-Board Camera
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The End Prepare for a Quiz and to build a rocket
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