1. Turin, October 7°, 2014 Seminar: Building the Città metropolitana: international experiences and Italian perspectives

2. The new metropolitan institutional arrangements outlined by law n.56/2014 (the case of Turin) Metropolitan Council (18 representatives of municipalities) Mayor of Città metropolitana (concides with the Mayor of the central city, Turin) Metropolitan Conference (315 Mayors of the municipalities) Law n.56/2014 approved last April states that metropolitan cities should be created out of the provinces covering the ten largest Italian cities Law n.56/2014 states that the the Città metroplitane will be governed by three bodies: the Mayor, the Metropolitan Council and the Metropolitan conference They will be elected very soon, by October the 12th, 2014 The Conference will approve the new Statute of the Città metropolitana proposed by the Council

3. Basic demographic data Source: Istat

4. Lack of clarity about the main goals to be attained through the creation of the “Città metropolitane” Amalgamation has always been considered an inappropriate policy in Italy In general, the objectives of the metropolitan reform are: (a) to improve the planning process in order to promote economic development (b) to lower the costs and improve the delivery of local public services… …but most of the political and mass media debate was focused on the reduction of the number of politicians and the “cost of politics” Nowadays the risk is to underestimate the cost and/or overestimate the benefits of cooperation among municipalities A list of intertwined issues

5. Highly differentiated in economic, territorial and morphologic terms Differences between large metropolitan areas, midsized and small size agglomerations, and rural areas Probably only four real metropolitan areas according to the definitions of the literature (Milan, Rome, Naples and Turin) This requires a differentiated governance structure in the ten areas In particular the peculiar configuration of the Turinese area requires the definitions of more homogeneous sub-areas Which is the optimal governance structure of metropolitan areas in Italy? The peculiarity of Turin (1) The ten metropolitan areas in Italy The solution has to be found through the Statutes No !!! Città metropolitana as a… city of cities

6. Administrative borders of Provincia di Torino, and Functional urban area identified by OECD

7. Still many hindrances to inter-municipal cooperation. These are mainly due to the fiscal disparities inside the area and limited power delegated to Città metropolitana in terms of tax assignments Strategic plans become ineffective in implementing policies without the “power of the purse”. Need for metropolitan tax base sharing, equalization schemes within metropolitan areas, grants from the higher levels of government Assessment of the fiscal interaction between central cities and their suburbs. There is a growing attention to the possible introduction of tax instruments such as “entrance fees” (e.g. in some of Italy’s renowned “Città d’arte”) or a commuter tax to reduce the amount of externalities that suburbs and city users in general impose on central cities. (we can mention Milan’s and London’s congestion fee as well) Need for an indicator about the fiscal health of cities to be included in the rankings of cities Fiscal issues

8. Economic growthUrban growthMain issues for HC Institutional solutions Further remarks Industrialization Urbanization suburbanization Economies of scale and scope in the provision of local public services Externalities / Spillovers Amalgamation Inter-communal or supra-communal models. Single and/or multipurpose governments (structural and functional solutions) Cooperation mainly aimed at the management of the networked metropolitan services Deindustrializatio n Further Suburbanization deurbanization Economies of scale and scope in the provision of local public services Externalities / Spillovers Management of relations inside the area Same as above Cooperation mainly aimed at land use planning for an area vaster than the one linked to the urban agglomeration Growth of the service sector / globalization Deurbanization Reurbanization Economic development / Urban competitive position of the city Management of relations outside the area Model of governance which replaces the traditional forms of government (“joining up”, policy integration, PPP) Enlarged concept of cooperation for long term strategic planning The product of territorial competition may be considered a quasi- public good Management of relations inside the area Horizontal cooperation and the phases of urban development: a tentative framework

9. 2014 Tema monografico: area metropolitana

10. Metro borders in Milano Genova Torino and zoning in Torino area

11. peso % spesa netta per pnr giornaliera stima su spesa totale 2012 (mln €) Milano***10292 Napoli7-8104119 Torino**7-8100114 Genova3-42634 Firenze6-73945 Bari7-82731

13. Imposta di soggiorno Congestion charge* Incassi da permessi Bus turistici** Milano 8,8 20,0- Napoli 2,0 - Torino 3,1 - Genova 1,4 - Firenze 21,4 12,0 Bari - - Source: 2012 municipal balance sheets. *Dati non raccolti da conto consuntivo. Fonte Open data area C comune Milano **fonte rapporto Isfort Anav 2013