1. States of Consciousness Karen Siyuan Chen

2. Consciousness ? Does consciousness equal to awareness? Everything of which we are aware at any given time --- our thoughts, feelings, sensations and perceptions of external environment

3. Case 1 If somebody’s brain died, did the patient have consciousness? Should the patient have rights to be alive? Did the patient have meaning to live along?

4. Case 2 If some one had mental illness, and killed somebody else when the patient lost self- awareness. Should the patient be sentenced to death or got into jail? How about alcoholic or drug addition people?

5. Circadian rhythms Circa-: about; -diem: day A cycle of body rhythm within 24 hours Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) ▫Deep within hypothalamus ▫Control the internal biological clock ▫e.g. jet lag; shift work

6. Sleep Do you sleep a lot? Why do you need sleep? Do you like sleeping? When do you usually feel sleepy?

7. Sleep Do you know what you are doing in sleep? Have others told you something about your sleeping behavior? What kind of food or drink can make you not fall into sleep? How do you feel without any sleep?

8. Necessity of Sleep Store Recover

9. Sleep hours It also varies by ages and individual situations in human.

10. Stages of Sleep Rapid Eye Movement (REM) ▫Experience dreams NERM (non-REM) sleep ▫One – light sleep ▫Two – sleep spindles ▫Three & Four – deep sleep

12. The process and its time

13. Get it in our whole sleep

14. Sleep disorders Sleepwalking (somnambulism) ▫Deep sleep ▫Move or walk around Night terrors ▫Deep sleep ▫Scream or run around

15. Sleep disorders Sleeptalking (somniloquy) ▫Any sleep stages ▫Frequent in children Parasomnias ▫Sleep disturbances

16. Sleep disorders Insomnia ▫Inability to get into sleep, stay asleep or get a good quality of sleep Sleep apnea ▫Stop breathing for over 30 seconds or more Narcolepsy ▫Fall into REM sleep without warning in day-time

18. Dreams Do you dream while sleeping? Do you remember your dreams? Can you tell me the functions or meanings of dreams in your life?

19. Types of dreams REM dreams ▫Occur almost continuously ▫Have a story-like quality ▫More vivid, visual and emotional NREM dreams ▫Less frequent and memorable

20. Interpretation of dreams Freud ▫desires Jung ▫Meanings Manifest content ▫Recalled stories Latent content ▫Underlying meanings

21. Hypnosis What’s the difference between conscious and unconscious? What will people behave in hypnosis process? What kind of sensation will be loosen then?

22. Stimulants Caffeine Nicotine Amphetamines Cocaine

23. Depressants Alcohol Barbiturates Tranquilizers Narcotics

24. Hallucinogens Marijuana LSD MDMA (Ecstasy)

28. Question yourself? Have you got drunk before? Have you seen somebody get drunk? What did you do / what did they do then? Did you / they remember what happened? What was the consequence after drunk? What was the influence to the people around you / your friend? How about drug or other substance abuse?