1. Application of room temperature ionic liquids for in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of doped poly(para-phenylene) By Michal Wagner 11.09.2008NGS-Nano meeting, Lammi Supervisors: Dr. Carita Kvarnström Prof. Ari Ivaska Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Piispankatu 8 20500 Turku

2. Presentation plan:  Introduction to conducting polymers and ionic liquids  Electrochemical reactions  Experimantal techniques  Results  Conclusions

3. Conducting Polymers What is conducting polymer?  The conducting polymers are materials with intrinsic conduction which is denoted to structural properties  Delocalization of π-electrons and overlapping makes these polymers conductive (usually doping is needed) polyanilinepolypyrrole polythiophenes

4. Ionic Liquids What is an ionic liquid?  A new class of solvents which are in liquid state at room temperature  Consists of only ionic parts  Large number of ILs are composed of organic cations and inorganic anions 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidiumbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Properties  Low vapor pressure  High conductivity  Wide electrochemical window  Designable- unlimited combinations  Low combustibility  Good thermal stability  Wide liquid range

5. Electrochemical polymerization and doping of PPP Poly(para-phenylene) (PPP) Biphenyl Radical-radical coupling Anodic oxidation - 2e Doping Polaron Bipolaron

6. Cyclic voltammetry (CV)  Determines the kinetics of electrode processes  Current is monitored as the potential of the electrode is changed

7. In situ ATR-FTIR

8. Electropolymerization in ILs and ACN

9. Electrochemical doping in ILs and ACN

10. In situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of p-doped [BMIM][PF 6 ]

11. In situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of p-doped [BMP][Tf 2 N]

12. In situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of n-doped [BMIM][PF 6 ]

13. In situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of n-doped [BMP][Tf 2 N]

14. Conclusions  The best electrochemical polymerization performance was achieved in [BMIM][PF 6 ] ionic liquid  During both p- and n-doping the achieved spectra indicated formation of IRAV bands in the wavenumber region 1600-800 cm -1  It was found that n-doping is preferable in [BMP][Tf 2 N] and p-doping in [BMIM][PF 6 ]  Obtained results suggest that ionic liquids are able to become a new promising group of solvents in electrochemistry research area

15. Thanks for your kind attention!