1. Types of test Test Types Based on Its Purposes

2. Placement Test The purpose is this test to place a student according to his/her language ability within a language teaching program (e.g. ESLPT). From the result of placement test, then students can be divided into some levels based on their langauge ability namely low, middle, and high or basic, intermediate, and advance.

3. Diagnostic Test This test sometimes called ‘a formative or progress test.’ Thus, the diagnostic test tries to answer the question ‘how well have students learnt the particular learning material?’. This intended to investigate various difficulties encountered by students and checks on students’ progress in learning. Having assessed then students will be given immediate feedback.

4. Achievement Test The achievement test sometimes called ‘a summative or attainment test.’ The achievement test tries to answer the question ‘whether course objectives have been met and appropriate knowledge and skills acquired by the end of a period of instruction?’ This intended to show the standard which the students have now reached in relation to other students at the same age.

5. Proficiency Test This test aims at assessing the student’s competence ability to apply in actual situations what he has learnt (e.g. TOEFL). In addition, it tries to answer the question ‘having learnt this much, what can the student do with it?’ Therefore, the proficiency test has a specific purpose for future needs.

6. What is a standardized test? It is a product of a through process of empirical research and development. It dictates standard procedures for administration and scoring (Brown, 2004:67).

7. Some procedures in developing a standardized test according to Brown (2004, 70-81) Determine the purpose and objectives of the test Design test specifications Design, select and arrange test tasks/items Make appropriate evaluations of different kinds of items Specify scoring procedures and reporting formats

8. Examples of a standardized test Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) Michigan English Language Assessment Battery (MELAB) International English Language Testing System (IELTS) Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC)

9. Teacher Made Test Teacher made test arranged and prepared by the teacher accordane with his/her necessity. It aims to determine the level of student’s learning progress in learning language (Jiwandono, 1996:22).