1. Europeans Explore The East

2. Changes In Europe 1400’s adventurous spirit/ curiosity develops People had a desire to: Get rich Spread Christianity Also, they had advanced sailing technology

3. Motivation Europeans had long been attracted to Asia: 12 th century Crusaders 13 th century Marco Polo reached China under Kublai Khan

4. Motivation Conquests of Ottoman Turks and Mongols reduced ability of westerners to travel by land… & Muslims only traded with Italians

5. Motivation Economic reasons- wanted to find precious metals (& luxury goods) and spice

6. Motivation Religion-strong crusading spirit Crusades had left people with feelings of hostility towards non- Christians and with the desire to convert non- Christians

7. Motivation Glory/ spirit of adventure *Primary Motives: Three “G’s” God, Glory and Gold

8. Voyages Were Possible Because Expansion sanctioned by government Had increased knowledge of technology –Astrolabe –Multiple mast ships –Triangular lateen sail –Deep sea rudder –Magnetic Compass

10. Portugal- Prince Henry Portugal took the lead in exploration Prince Henry established a navigation school –Taught: mapmaking, shipbuilding –Perfected the caravel- a sailboat with triangular sails Established a number of trading posts along the west coast of Africa

11. Portugal- Finds A Route To Asia 1488 Bartolomeu Dias- sailed to the southern tip of Africa & around Cape of Good Hope 1497 Vasco da Gama traveled around Africa and reached Calicut –Returned home with spices, gems, goods (cargo worth 60 times the cost of the voyage)!

12. You Can See Portugal’s Wealth Today: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkpicEJ1i oI

13. Prince Henry the Navigator Bartolomeu Dias Vasco da Gama

14. Spain Envious… 1492 -Christopher Columbus sails west –October reached Caribbean –Thought he had reached Asia –Portugal thought he had reached Asia –Tension between the two countries! –1493 Pope Alexander VI stepped in drew the Line of Demarcation

15. Treaty Of Tordesillas SPAIN PORTUGAL

17. Trading Empires In Indian Ocean Portugal took over control of the spice trade from Muslim Merchants Defeated Muslim ship in battle 1509 Built a fort in the Straits of Hormuz preventing Muslims from reaching India Captured India’s Gao Attacked & controlled Malacca/ Strait of Malacca

18. Other Nations Challenge: The newly freed Dutch Republic formed a trading company: Dutch East India Company –Took over Spice Islands –Cape of Good Hope (Africa) England & France established outposts in India