1. NOTEBOOK CHECK #2 SEMESTER # 2 GEOLOGY Standards 3d, 3e 9a, 9b, 9c PLEASE TAKE OUT YOUR NOTEBOOKS!!!!

2. Interpreting Changes in Rocks I. Question V. Data III. Hypothesis How do metamorphic and sedimentary rocks differ? If we compare the densities of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks we will find… II. Background Sedimentary Rock  Formed from compacted and cemented particles Metamorphic Rock Existing rocks that have been subjected to heat and/or pressure V. Data - (graph) VI. Discussion Standard 3-paragraph format Bar graph: density (y) vs. rock type (x) 100101

3. # Type-Name CharacteristicsMassVol Density (=m/v) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sed-Sandstone Met-Quartzite Sed-Shale Met-Slate Sed-Calcite Met-Marble

4. SEDIMENTARYROCK: Characteristics Table 2- page 79 METAMORPHICROCK: Characteristics Table 3- page 84

5. Std. 3.c.- Minerals & Rock Types Academic Vocabulary Required for 100% or extra points 102103 TermDefinition Mini- Pic 1) MINERAL (2.2) 2)STREAK (2.3) 3)LUSTER (2.3) 4) HARDNESS (2.3) 5) DENSITY (2.3) 6) CRYSTAL FORM (2.3) 7) IGNEOUS ROCK (3.1) 8) SEDIMENTARY ROCK (3.1) 9) METAMORPHIC ROCK (3.1) 10) ROCK CYCLE (3.1) 11) WEATHERING (3.1) 12) SEDIMENTS (3.1) 13) EROSION (3.3) 14) DEPOSITION (3.3) 15) CEMENTATION (3.3) 16) METAMORPHISM (3.4) Please draw & recreate one of the 2 diagrams : SEDIMENTARY: Table 2 page 79 OR METAMORPHIC: Table 2 page 84

6. Core ConceptsAnswer/NotesPowerPics 1.Under what conditions do earthquakes occur?  stored energy overcomes frictional forces at plate boundaries 2.Define magnitude of an earthquake.  measure of the amplitude of an earthquake’s waves 3.Name and describe the scale used to measure magnitude. => how much would a 1 point increase (7.1 -8.2) mean in terms of energy released and wave amplitude?  Magnitude scales (Richter) are logarithmic, ie. each increase of 1 point on the scale represents a tenfold increase in wave amplitude and 30 fold increase in energy 4.Explain what is meant by the intensity of an earthquake.  subjective measure of how strong an earthquake felt and how much damage was done at any give location. 5.Name and describe the scale used to measure intensity.  Modified Mercalli scale: subjective 12 point scale of how strong it felt & how much damage done. Standard 3d – Earthquakes 104105 Please define the following terms from your textbook in Chapter # 8 (pgs. 218-232) TermDefinition Earthquake After Shock Fore Shock Liquefaction Tsunami Please draw either the Earthquake FOCUS diagram (pg. 219) or the Tsunami Diagram (pg. 230)

7. Determining Epicenter 1/28/14 107 106 I. Question V. Data II. Background VI. Results VII. Discussion 1.Where is the epicenter? 2.Which plate boundary would be associated with this earthquake? (see p. 256 ) 3.What type of plate motion occurs at this boundary (see p.256 ) 4.Answer the lab question… What is required to determine where an earthquake occurred? Epicenter-point on surface above focus (break) in Earth’s Crust Body Waves-travel through the Earth  P-Waves-push-pull waves (think slinky)  S-Waves-right angles to direction of travel (up-down). Cannot go through gasses or liquids

8. Core ConceptsAnswer/NotesPowerPics ① Identify the quality of lava that determines how it will flow.  Viscosity (rate of flow)  higher viscosity is slower ② List the two factors determine how viscous lava will be.  Chemical composition; higher silicon => more viscous  Temperature; cooler =>more viscous ③ Describe the two main types of lava.  BASALTIC Warmer low in Si, high in Fe & Mg) low viscosity – allows gases to escape  ANDESITIC/RHYOLITIC  Cooler  High in Si, low in Fe & Mg  Traps gases ④ Describe the type of volcano in which typically has basaltic lava.  Shield volcano  Gently sloping sides  Non-explosive eruptions ⑤ Describe the type of volcano which typically has andesitic or rhyolitic lava.  Composite or stratovolcano (big) and cinder cones (small)  Steep sides  Violent eruptions Standard 3e – Volcanoes 108 109

9. Locating Igneous Rocks on Earth I. Purpose: III. Results IV. Discussion 1.Where on the map is felsic rock found? 2.Where on the map is mafic rock found? 3.Where on the map is intermediate rock found? 4.How do you determine whether the rock were felsic, mafic, or intermediate? Classify igneous rocks based on texture, & color, & locate where igneous rocks form & under what conditions they do so II. Data 110 111

10. DioriteIntermediatecoarseintrusive GabbroMaficcoarseintrusive granitefelsiccoarseintrusive Granitefelsiccoarseintrusive Peridotiteultramaficcoarseintrusive Monzonitefelsiccoarseintrusive AndesiteIntermediateporphyriticBoth BasaltMaficfineextrusive RhyoliteFelsicfineExtrusive

11. Standard 9a – California’s Geologic Resources Core ConceptsAnswer/NotesPowerPics ① Explain what important resources are provided by the Central Valley of California and how its formation is related to these resources.  Agriculture, oil and natural gas  Deposition of sediments caused by faulting and uplift of the Sierra Nevada ② Describe the mechanism that is responsible for many of California’s valuable ore deposits (e.g. gold).  Molten, igneous intrusions injected into older rocks  Pure metals solidify last, forming veins ③ Name the energy resource in California that is related to mountain building and rifting of the continent. Geothermal ④ What are the top 3 mineral resources of California  Sand & Gravel  Cement  Crushed Stone ⑤ What percentage of California’s economic minerals are used building materials  3/4 ‘s or 75 % CALIFORNIA MINERAL RESOURCES 112 113

12. Academic Vocabulary TermList or Define 1) LIST: Industrial Minerals on pg. CA7 2) LIST: Metallic Minerals on pg. CA7 3) LIST: Nonmetallic Mineral on pg. CA.8 4)LIST: Gemstones on pg. CA.8 5) LIST: The 3 types of California’s Energy Resources on pgs. CA 8 & CA9 6) Desalination 7) Aqueduct 8) LIST: Major Drainage Basins from Map on Pg. CA 15 9)LIST: California’s Earthquake Hazards on PG. CA 20 10)Define: Tsunami on PG. CA 21 11) Define: Liquefaction on PG. CA 23 Standard 9b – California’s Natural Hazards Core ConceptAnswer/NotesPowerPics ① Name an active fault zone in California?  The San Andreas Fault Zone (line) ② Identify the natural hazard that occurs near uplifted areas with weak underlying rock & sediments  Landslides ③ Identify a mountain range in California that contains both active & dormant volcanoes  Cascade Mountain Range in Northern California (Mt. Shasta, Lassen Peak) ④ Name the cause of most coastal erosion in California  Energy from Coastal waves off the shore of California ⑤ Explain the cause of seismic sea waves also known as tsunamis.  Earthquakes along the Pacific Rim. 114 115

13. Standard 9c – California’s Water Resources Core ConceptAnswer/NotesPowerPics ①What part of California’s economy uses 80% of the fresh water resources? Irrigating crops ②Name two sources of freshwater in California Precipitation Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada and other mountain ranges ③Compare the distribution of water in Northern California to southern California Northern California receives most of the rain Southern California is arid but has a greater need ④Explain how the natural distribution of water is adjusted to meet the needs of Californians. Engineered projects (canals and aqueducts) transport water from the northern to southern part of the state. ⑤ List the at least 3 major uses of fresh water in California Agriculture Industry Homes & Businesses Wildlife or Recreation 116 117

14. 14 Core ConceptsAnswer/NotesPowerPics 1.Under what conditions do earthquakes occur? __________ energy overcomes ___________forces at plate boundaries 2.Define magnitude of an earthquake.  measure of the _________ of an earthquake’s __________ 3.Name and describe the scale used to measure magnitude. => how much would a 1 point increase (7.1 -8.2) mean in terms of energy released and wave amplitude?  Magnitude scales _______________are logarithmic, ie. each increase of 1 point on the scale represents a ______________ increase in wave amplitude and 30 fold increase in energy 4.Explain what is meant by the intensity of an earthquake.  subjective measure of how strong an earthquake __________and how much ________was done at any give location. 5.Name and describe the scale used to measure intensity. _________ _____scale: subjective ______ point scale of how strong it _____ & how much _______ done. Standard 3d – Earthquakes Core ConceptsAnswer/NotesPowerPics 1.Under what conditions do earthquakes occur? __________ energy overcomes ___________forces at plate boundaries 2.Define magnitude of an earthquake.  measure of the _________ of an earthquake’s __________ 3.Name and describe the scale used to measure magnitude. => how much would a 1 point increase (7.1 -8.2) mean in terms of energy released and wave amplitude?  Magnitude scales _______________are logarithmic, ie. each increase of 1 point on the scale represents a ______________ increase in wave amplitude and 30 fold increase in energy 4.Explain what is meant by the intensity of an earthquake.  subjective measure of how strong an earthquake __________and how much ________was done at any give location. 5.Name and describe the scale used to measure intensity. _________ _____scale: subjective ______ point scale of how strong it _____ & how much _______ done. Standard 3d – Earthquakes

15. Core ConceptsAnswer/NotesPowerPics ① Identify the quality of lava that determines how it will flow.  ________(rate of flow)  _______ viscosity is _______ ② List the two factors determine how viscous lava will be.  Chemical composition; ______ ________=> more viscous  Temperature; ______=>more viscous ③ Describe the two main types of lava.  BASALTIC _________low in Si, high in Fe & Mg) ______ viscosity – allows gases to escape  ANDESITIC/RHYOLITIC  _________  ______in Si, low in Fe & Mg  Traps gases ④ Describe the type of volcano in which typically has basaltic lava.  _________ volcano  _______sloping sides  ____-_________eruptions ⑤ Describe the type of volcano which typically has andesitic or rhyolitic lava.  _________ or ___________ (big) and ________ ________ (small)  _________sides  ____________ eruptions Standard 3e – Volcanoes Core ConceptsAnswer/NotesPowerPics ① Identify the quality of lava that determines how it will flow.  ________(rate of flow)  _______ viscosity is _______ ② List the two factors determine how viscous lava will be.  Chemical composition; ______ ________=> more viscous  Temperature; ______=>more viscous ③ Describe the two main types of lava.  BASALTIC _________low in Si, high in Fe & Mg) ______ viscosity – allows gases to escape  ANDESITIC/RHYOLITIC  _________  ______in Si, low in Fe & Mg  Traps gases ④ Describe the type of volcano in which typically has basaltic lava.  _________ volcano  _______sloping sides  ____-_________eruptions ⑤ Describe the type of volcano which typically has andesitic or rhyolitic lava.  _________ or ___________ (big) and ________ ________ (small)  _________sides  ____________ eruptions Standard 3e – Volcanoes

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17. Standard 9a – California’s Geologic Resources Core ConceptsAnswer/NotesPowerPics ① Explain what important resources are provided by the Central Valley of California and how its formation is related to these resources. -__________, oil and natural gas -Deposition of _____________ caused by faulting and uplift of the ________ ______ ② Describe the mechanism that is responsible for many of California’s valuable ore deposits (e.g. gold). -Molten, igneous intrusions (________) injected into older rocks - Pure _______ solidify last, forming _______ ③ Name the energy resource in California that is related to mountain building and rifting of the continent. _____________ ④ What are the top 3 mineral resources of California  _____ & ______  __________  _______ _____ ⑤ What percentage of California’s economic minerals are used building materials  _____________ Standard 9a – California’s Geologic Resources Core ConceptsAnswer/NotesPowerPics ① Explain what important resources are provided by the Central Valley of California and how its formation is related to these resources. -__________, oil and natural gas -Deposition of _____________ caused by faulting and uplift of the ________ ______ ② Describe the mechanism that is responsible for many of California’s valuable ore deposits (e.g. gold). -Molten, igneous intrusions (________) injected into older rocks - Pure _______ solidify last, forming _______ ③ Name the energy resource in California that is related to mountain building and rifting of the continent. _____________ ④ What are the top 3 mineral resources of California  _____ & ______  __________  _______ _____ ⑤ What percentage of California’s economic minerals are used building materials  _____________

18. Standard 9b – California’s Natural Hazards Core ConceptAnswer/NotesPowerPics ① Name an active fault zone in California? The _____ __________ Fault Zone (line) ② Identify the natural hazard that occurs near uplifted areas with weak underlying rock & sediments _____________ ③ Identify a mountain range in California that contains both active & dormant volcanoes ________ Mountain Range in Northern California ( ___ _______, ______ _____,___) ④ Name the cause of most coastal erosion in California Energy from Coastal ______ off the shore of California ⑤ Explain the cause of seismic sea waves also known as tsunamis. ________along the ______ _____. Standard 9b – California’s Natural Hazards Core ConceptAnswer/NotesPowerPics ① Name an active fault zone in California? The _____ __________ Fault Zone (line) ② Identify the natural hazard that occurs near uplifted areas with weak underlying rock & sediments _____________ ③ Identify a mountain range in California that contains both active & dormant volcanoes ________ Mountain Range in Northern California ( ___ _______, ______ _____,___) ④ Name the cause of most coastal erosion in California Energy from Coastal ______ off the shore of California ⑤ Explain the cause of seismic sea waves also known as tsunamis. ________along the ______ _____.

19. Standard 9c – California’s Water Resources Core ConceptAnswer/NotesPowerPics ①What part of California’s economy uses 80% of the fresh water resources? ___________/____________ __________________ ②Name two sources of freshwater in California ___________________ __________________ in the Sierra Nevada & other mountain ranges ③Compare the distribution of water in Northern California to southern California ___________California receives most of the rain ___________California is arid but has a greater need ④Explain how the natural distribution of water is adjusted to meet the needs of Californians. Engineered projects (___________ and ______________) transport water from the northern to southern part of the state. ⑤ List the at least 3 major uses of fresh water in California Agriculture ___________ Homes & Businesses __________ or _______________ Standard 9c – California’s Water Resources Core ConceptAnswer/NotesPowerPics ①What part of California’s economy uses 80% of the fresh water resources? ___________/____________ __________________ ②Name two sources of freshwater in California ___________________ __________________ in the Sierra Nevada & other mountain ranges ③Compare the distribution of water in Northern California to southern California ___________California receives most of the rain ___________California is arid but has a greater need ④Explain how the natural distribution of water is adjusted to meet the needs of Californians. Engineered projects (___________ and ______________) transport water from the northern to southern part of the state. ⑤ List the at least 3 major uses of fresh water in California Agriculture ___________ Homes & Businesses __________ or _______________