1. Corporate Sector Accounting and Auditing within the Acquis Communautaire Mr. Frederic Gielen Senior Financial Management Specialist Europe and Central Asia Region The World Bank

2. What is the acquis communautaire? The entire body of EU laws is known, collectively, as the acquis communautaire. For enlargement negotiations, the acquis has been divided into 31 chapters. Chapter 5 (Company Law) is most relevant to corporate sector accounting and auditing All EU Member States must abide by the acquis communautaire.

3. What comprises the acquis? Primary legislation (treaties) Secondary legislation (Regulations, Directives, Decisions, etc.) Case law (judgments from the European Court of Justice and European Court of First Instance)

4. The acquis is in constant evolution…

5. The Accounting Acquis: Key Components The Fourth EU Company Law Directive (78/660/EEC) Sets forth accounting, reporting and publication requirements for companies Imposes audit requirement SMEs may be exempted from financial reporting and audit requirements Recognition that for most small and medium companies, the cost of compliance outweighs the benefits Listed companies may not be exempted, irrespective of size

6. Seventh EU Company Law Directive (83/349/EEC) Requires consolidated accounts for groups which comprise at least one limited liability company Allows for exemptions for SMEs in some cases Insurance Directive (91/674/EEC) Rules on annual and consolidated accounts of insurance companies Banking Directive (86/635/EEC) Rules on annual and consolidated accounts of financial institutions The Accounting Acquis: Key Components (2)

7. Despite Accounting Directives, recognition of need for greater harmonization of financial reporting rules in order to make EU companies more attractive  harmonization =  comparability =  understandability =  investment The Adoption of International Standards (IFRS)

8. Regulation 1606/2002 of the Parliament and Council Requires listed (publicly-traded) companies, including banks and insurance companies, to prepare their consolidated accounts in accordance with endorsed International Financial Reporting Standards as of 2005. IFRS must be endorsed individually by the European Commission The Adoption of International Standards (IFRS) – continued

9. The Accounting Acquis – The Bottom Line Based on true and fair view principle NAS apply to non-listed companies and to solo accounts of both listed and non-listed companies IFRS apply to the consolidated accounts of listed companies Member states may require IFRS for solo accounts / non-listed companies Exemptions for SMEs

10. Eighth EU Company Law Directive (84/253/EEC) Sets out minimum requirements for statutory auditors The Auditing Acquis: Key Components

11. But then…

12. Corporate scandals reinforced the need for more sophisticated regulation and better oversight, and required effective action to boost confidence in markets The A&A Acquis: The Way Forward

13. Accounting: proposed amendments to the 4 th and 7 th Directives: Collective responsibility of board members for financial statements and key non-financial information Better disclosure of related-party transactions Disclosure of off-balance sheet arrangements for all companies Listed companies must issue corporate governance statements The A&A Acquis: The Way Forward (2)

14. Auditing: proposal for a new 8 th Directive: Clarifies duties of statutory auditors Sets out ethical principles to ensure objectivity and independence Requires public oversight of the audit profession Use of International Standards on Auditing for statutory audits Better international cooperation with third-country regulators The A&A Acquis: The Way Forward (3)

15. The A&A Acquis – Challenges Ahead Heterogeneity in Member States with regard to auditors ’ and accountants ’ capacity – are all professionals capacitated to comply with all aspects of existing and forthcoming acquis? Enforcement Endorsement