1. Animal Behavior Chapter 33

2. What is Behavior? Behavior: – A response to a stimulus Stimulus: – An environmental change that directly influences the activity of an organism Importance: – Behavior is an adaptive value to the organism, because natural selection favors certain behaviors

3. Innate Behavior Genetically inherited automatic response Behaviors that DO NOT have to be learned – Examples: Suckling Taxis in insects Migration Hibernation Estivation

4. Example Suckling http://www.arkive.org/polar-bear/ursus- maritimus/video-09b.html

5. Example Phototaxis in insects - insect movements away from or toward light

6. Example Migration – instinctive seasonal movements of animals from place to place

7. Example Hibernation – state of reduced metabolism occurring in animals that sleep during parts of cold winter months Estivation – state of reduced metabolism that occurs in animals living in conditions of intense heat.

8. Learned Behavior Occurs when the behavior changes through practice or experience Has survival value because it allows the animal to adapt to change in its environment

9. Learned Behavior Examples: – Habiatuation – Imprinting – Classical Conditioning – Trial and Error

10. Examples Habituation – learned behavior that occurs when an animal is repeatedly given a stimulus not associated with any punishment or reward. An animal becomes habituated when it finally ceases to respond to the stimulus

11. Example Imprinting – learned behavior in which an animal, at a specific critical time of its life, forms a social attachment to another object Usually occurs early in life and allows for an animal to recognize its mother.

12. Classical Conditioning Learning by association: Pavlov’s Dogs

13. Example Trial and Error – types of learning in which an animal receives a reward for making a particular response

14. Social Behavior – Behaviors between and among individuals within a population – Can be innate or learned Examples: – Communication » Courtship Dances » Territorial defense

15. Example Communication – is an exchange of information that results in a change of behavior. They may signal each other by sound, sights, touches or smells (pheromones)

16. Examples

17. Example Courtship Dances http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=albatross+courtship+dance&view=det ail&mid=D221DCF7AD34ACEC1550D221DCF7AD34ACEC1550&first=0&FORM= LKVR10www.bing.com/videos/search?q=albatross+courtship+dance&view=det ail&mid=D221DCF7AD34ACEC1550D221DCF7AD34ACEC1550&first=0&FORM= LKVR10

18. Example Territorial Defense