1. India water week 2016 Brainstorming: Groundwater Aquifer Mapping – Lesson Learnt India water week 2016 Brainstorming: Groundwater Aquifer Mapping – Lesson Learnt Dr. D.K.Chadha Global Hydrogeological Solutions www.ghs-india.org 7 April 2016 Saline aquifer of Haryana- Disposal and Remediation

2. Aquifer Mapping: A broad prospective 1. Present Program: Groundwater Aquifer Mapping- for fresh water aquifers Delivering hydrogeological information in the present digital era! 2. Proposed Associated Future Program  Mapping of Inland saline aquifers For their resource evaluation and diposal  Mapping of Deep Saline Aquifers in sedimentary basins ( >700m deep) For CCS under climate change  Mapping for costal aquifers transgressing to the sea Outflow of groundwater to the sea  Offshore aquifer mapping

3. Haryana state covers an area of 44212 km2, only 53% of it is suitable for the groundwater development and the rest is underlined with saline groundwater. S. No District Total area in Sq.km Area under salinity (>3.46 dS/m)in Sq.km Saline ground water resources (MCM) 1Faridabad20979701746 2Gurgaon2706532638 3Rewari1634660871 4 Mahenderga rh 199510151218 5Bhiwani4147553664 6Jhajjar1868621894 7Rohtak16688101166 8Sonepat2260145304 9Panipat1250110231 10Hissar386111301898 11Jind21366551022 12Sirsa427615601716 13Kaithal2284405794 Total32182916613162 District wise Saline Groundwater Resources (As in 2000) Area coverage by deep saline aquifers

4. S. No. DistrictArea (in ha) Area under salinity (>3.0 dS/m) in ha Saline ground water resources ham (2011) 1 Ambala159585 3000 2 Bhiwani487072 275005167.25 3 Faridabad74045 18700189.25 4 Fatehabad249110 131001120.30 5 Gurgaon124933 -231.19 6 Hissar386052 375003991.01 7 Jhajjar186770 1650016713.92 8 Jind273600 223004155.61 9 Kaithal228406 119001418.59 10 Karnal247112 -38.57 11 Kurukshetra168253 -- 12 Mahendergarh193947 96500631.24 13 Mewat150027 175004142.68 14 Palwal136455 305003516.66 15 Panchkula53859 -- 16 Panipat124988 -160.16 17 Rewari155900 6001973.30 18 Rohtak166777 2350010944.15 19 Sirsa427600 3720015057.33 20 Sonipat226053 32007901.35 21 Yamunanagar175600 -- # Morni block of Panchkula district is not assessed due to completely hilly area (25056 ha). District wise saline groundwater resources (As in 2011) =~ 7.7 BCM

5. UNDP PROJECT- OPTION FOR DISPOSAL OF SALINE GROUND WATER Groundwater (EC) 5000 mS/cm is used for irrigation- local soil condition and depth to water table. CONTRAINTS  accumulation of the salts in the soil  Use of saline groundwater is to be supplemented by canal irrigation.  Pre-sowing with saline water and subsequently with fresh water. 1. Use of Brackish and Saline Groundwater for Irrigation

6. 2. Evacuation of Excess Brackish and Saline Water from Haryana through River Yamuna Yamuna river carries heavy discharge during monsoon (.7million cusecs) Low discharge 2000 cusecs Except for monsoon entire flow diverted tocanals. Brackish/saline groundwater through existing canal can be disposed in river Yamuna CONTRAINTS not possible throughout the year except monsoon months Yamuna –a riparian river, any change in quality not accepted to adjoining states Yamuna water used for drinking in NCT. UNDP PROJECT- OPTION FOR DISPOSAL OF SALINE GROUND WATER

7. 3. Evacuation of Excess Saline Water towards the Sea by an Outfall Drain Length of the channel = 446km Lift requirement- 100m No. of pumping station = 17 CONTRAINTS Interstate disputes. Required uninterrupted continuous power supply of 1344 KWh for each pumping house and 23000 KWh for the entire channel system. Communication and transportation. Constructional and maintenance on account of sandy area prone to dust storms. UNDP PROJECT- OPTION FOR DISPOSAL OF SALINE GROUND WATER

8. 3. OTHER OPTIONS INVESTIGATED  Conjunctive Use of Saline Groundwater with Canal Water  Water table control by subsurface horizontal drainage and shallow skimming wells  saline water table control by aforestation  preventing saline water table rise by improved farm water management  disposal of excess brackish and saline water in depressions for evaporation. UNDP PROJECT- OPTION FOR DISPOSAL OF SALINE GROUND WATER

9. Groundwater Quality Sl. No. VillagePH EC (µ.mh o/cm) CO3 (mg /l) HCO3 (mg/l) Cl (mg/l) Ca+M g (mg/l) RSc 1Dighal8.9493001.94.366.081.8-ve 2Dhandlan8.3146002.13.234.040.6-ve 3Dimana7.27000.40.93.05.2-ve 4Baharana7.3113001.32.19.09.2-ve 5Siwana9000.41.04.55.2-ve 6Chimni32001.93.816.528.6-ve 7Majra.D.Dhan9300 8Dubaldhan93003.65.418.085.4-ve 9Bakra7.34400-0.52.52.0-ve 10Bishan8.3252001.93.643.541.4-ve 11Mangawas80002.34.865.578.8-ve 12 Madana Kalan 7.8617001.32.512.514.6-ve 13Achhej27001.44.218.023.2-ve 14Palra13001.12.88.010.4-ve 15Jahajgarh28001.93.721.024.2-ve 16Malikpur73002.74.763.061.0-ve 17Safipur16001.33.612.013.6-ve 18Dehrana11001.12.18.08.4-ve 19Chhochhi8.1234002.12.524.528.6-ve 20Chamanpura7.729000.71.36.07.0-ve

10. ISP Technology NEED FOR ISP TECHNOLOGY Providing desired quality water in scarcity / saline areas. Protection and improvement of environment quality of ecosystems and land use. Ensuring sustainable development, communities, and environmental protection. Preserving our precious under-ground water resources Why Desaline - ISP A large Part of the country (about 0.1 million km2 in the northern states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan & U.P) is underlain with saline aquifers. Some of these saline aquifers have also high concentration of Nitrate, Fluoride, Selenium and Arsenic which are health hazards. This technology takes care of salinity & contaminants in ground water. Brackish, saline groundwater, however, potentially provides resource which until recently has not been considered for water supplies. Desaline – ISP technology, the latest technology innovation, utilizes this resource to augment existing water supplies or to provide a high quality supply where none existed previously. It treats the saline water in the aquifer system (in – situ) itself & not discharging the ground water on the surface (no wastage of water) hence ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY.

11. SITE PLAN AND BORELOGS

12. Design of tubewell and Components-ISP S. No. ItemMOCQty 1 Pressure vessel (End Port) 4”@250 psi, 4E SS3161 2Membranes BW 40404 3 Sub. Pump, 1.75 m3/hr @ 180 m SS3161 4Inflatable Packer-4”Rubber1 5Flow control V/VSS316lot 6SS NRV-1”SS3161 7Power & Control Cablesstd1 8Nylon Pipesnylonset 9SS fittings & hardwareSS316lot 10Pipes & valves 1”SS316set 11Rod CouplingSS316set 12Cleaning SkidMSEP1 13Antiscalant dosing Setpp1 14Electric Panelstd1 15pH and TDS meterstd1 16Pressure GaugeSS3162 17Erection & Commissioning

13. Quality test of Treated and untreated water using ISP Sr. No.Test ParametersResult (Untreated water) Result (Treated water in -situ) 1Colour<5 2OdourAgreeable 3TasteNon AgreeableAgreeable 4Turbidity<1 NTU 5pH value6.97.1 6Total hardness as CaCo34350 Mg/l18 Mg/l 7Iron as Fe0.08 Mg/l<0.1 Mg/l 8Residual free Chlorine0.32 Mg/l0.28 Mg/l 9Chloride as Cl1381 Mg/l111 Mg/l 10Total dissolved solid9810 Mg/l280 Mg/l 11Sulphate as SO4294 Mg/l7 Mg/l 12Fluoride as F0.24 Mg/l<0.1 Mg/l 13Calcium as Ca291 Mg/l0.8 Mg/l 14Magnesium as Mg881 Mg/l4 Mg/l 15Nitrate as NO310.9 Mg/lND(DL-0.1) 16ChromiumND(DL-0.025) 17Phenolic compoundND(DL-0.0005) 18Copper as CuND(DL-0.025) 19Manganese as MnND(DL-0.05) 20Aluminium as AlND(DL-0.02) 21Alkalinity270 Mg/l4 Mg/l

14. ADVANTAGES OF ISP SYSTEM Reduces TDS by 90-95% The system is installed in the housing assembly of tubewell Cost-effective and environmental friendly No additional space Distributed processed water near point source RO based treatment system

15. You ! Thank GLOBAL HYDROGEOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS Total Solutions for Groundwater and Environment Ground floor -66, Vikaspuri New Delhi – 110018 Email : globalhydrogeologicalsolutions@gmail.com GHS Aquifer Mapping- a solution to sustainably livelihood The one who solves the problem of water is worthy of 2 Noble prizes, one for peace and one for science. John F. Kennedy