1. BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION What does it include? How does it happen? How can we prevent it?

2. Biological Contamination Four types of pathogens can contaminate food and cause foodborne illness: ___________ 2-6 ___________

3. Bacteria: Basic Characteristics Location: Found almost _______________ Detection: Cannot be _________________________ Growth: Will grow ___________________________ __________________________________ Prevention: Control _______________________ 2-9

4. Viruses: Basic Characteristics Location: Carried by ___________________________ Require a ________________ to grow Do not ______________________ Can be transferred through food and remain infectious in food Sources: Food, water, or any contaminated surface Typically occur through________________ routes 2-23

5. Viruses: Basic Characteristics Destruction: Not ____________________________ ________________________________ Good __________________must be practiced when handling food and food- contact surfaces Quick removal and cleanup of _______ is important 2-24

6. Parasites: Basic characteristics Location: Require a host to live and reproduce Source: _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 2-28

7. Parasites: Basic characteristics Prevention: Purchase food from approved, reputable suppliers Cook food to __________________ _____________________________ Fish that will be served raw or undercooked, must be frozen correctly by the manufacturer 2-29

8. Fungi: Basic Characteristics Yeasts, molds, and mushrooms: Some molds and mushrooms produce _____________ Throw out moldy food, unless mold is a ______________________________ Purchase mushrooms from approved, reputable suppliers 2-30

9. 2-31 Biological Toxins Origin: o Naturally occur in certain plants, mushrooms, and seafood Seafood toxins: o Produced by pathogens found on certain fish  Tuna, bonito, mahimahi  Histamine produced when fish is time- temperature abused o Occur in certain fish that eat smaller fish that have consumed the toxin  Barracuda, snapper, grouper, amberjack  Ciguatera toxin is an example

10. 2-32 Biological Toxins Illness: o Symptoms and onset times vary with illness o People will experience illness within __________ General symptoms: o Diarrhea or vomiting o ____________ symptoms  Tingling in extremities  Reversal of hot and cold sensations o Flushing of the face and/or hives o _____________________ o Heart palpitations