1. 1 Bridges The William H. Harsha Bridge is a cable- stayed bridge that spans the Ohio River between Maysville, Kentucky, and Aberdeen, Ohio. About how long is the cable shown in red? The Pythagorean Theorem 9.3 LESSON

2. 2 In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is the side opposite the right angle. The legs are the sides that form the right angle. The lengths of the legs and the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle are related by the Pythagorean theorem. The Pythagorean Theorem 9.3 LESSON

3. 3 Pythagorean Theorem For any right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs equals the square of the length of the hypotenuse. Words Algebra a 2 + b 2 = c 2 The Pythagorean Theorem 9.3 LESSON

4. 4 EXAMPLE 1 Finding the Length of a Hypotenuse To find the length (to the nearest foot) of the cable on the William H. Harsha bridge if the tower is 212 feet and bridge surface is 478 feet, use the right triangle formed by the tower, the bridge surface, and the cable. a 2 + b 2 = c 2 Pythagorean theorem Substitute 212 for a and 478 for b. 44,944 + 228,484 = c 2 Evaluate powers. 212 2 + 478 2 = c 2 Add. 273,428 = c 2 Take positive square root of each side. 523 ≈ c Use a calculator. Round to nearest whole number. ANSWER The length of the cable is about 523 feet. 273,428 = c √ The Pythagorean Theorem 9.3 LESSON

5. 5 EXAMPLE 2 Finding the Length of a Leg Find the unknown length a in simplest form. a 2 + b 2 = c 2 Pythagorean theorem Substitute. a 2 + 100 = 144 Evaluate powers. a 2 + 10 2 = 12 2 Subtract 100 from each side. a 2 = 44 Take positive square root of each side. Simplify. ANSWER a = √44 a = 2√11 The unknown length a is 2√11 units. The Pythagorean Theorem 9.3 LESSON

6. 6 Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem The Pythagorean theorem can be written in “if-then” form. Theorem: If a triangle is a right triangle, then a 2 + b 2 = c 2. If you reverse the two parts of the statement, the new statement is called the converse of the Pythagorean theorem. Converse: If a 2 + b 2 = c 2, then the triangle is a right triangle. Although not all converses of true statements are true, the converse of the Pythagorean theorem is true. You can use it to determine whether a triangle is a right triangle. The Pythagorean Theorem 9.3 LESSON

7. 7 EXAMPLE 3 Identifying Right Triangles Determine whether the triangle with the given side lengths is a right triangle. a 2 + b 2 = c 2 34 ≠ 49 a = 3, b = 5, c = 7 3 2 + 5 2 = 7 2 ? 9 + 25 = 49 ? SOLUTION ANSWER Not a right triangle. The Pythagorean Theorem 9.3 LESSON

8. 8 EXAMPLE 3 Identifying Right Triangles Determine whether the triangle with the given side lengths is a right triangle. a 2 + b 2 = c 2 34 ≠ 49 a = 3, b = 5, c = 7 3 2 + 5 2 = 7 2 ? 9 + 25 = 49 ? SOLUTION ANSWER Not a right triangle. a 2 + b 2 = c 2 289 = 289 a = 15, b = 8, c = 17 15 2 + 8 2 = 17 2 ? 225 + 64 = 289 ? SOLUTION ANSWER A right triangle. The Pythagorean Theorem 9.3 LESSON