1. Nazi breakthrough and Weimar collapse 1929 - 32 Topic F – part one The significance of economic developments - The withdrawal of US funds - Growing unemployment - Social dislocation (changes to the way society usually works or functions. Especially among different classes)

2. Effects of the World Crisis O Trade O Slump in world trade O Demand for German exports fell sharply (eg. Steel, machinery and chemicals) O Decline in prices of food and raw materials as other countries reduced imports. O Export value fell by 55% O 1929 = £630 million O 1932 = £280 million

3. Effects of the World Crisis O Employment O Workers laid off O Mass unemployment O Number of registered unemployed O 1929 (pre-Crash) = 1.8 million O 1932 = 5.6 million

4. Effects of the World Crisis O Industry O Declined sharply O Without overseas loans and with export trade falling, prices and wages fell, causing many bankruptcies. O Production (1928 = 100) O 1929 = 100 O 1932 = 58 O 50,000 businesses collapsed

5. Effects of the World Crisis O Agriculture O Wages and incomes fell O Many farms sold off O Agricultural prices (1913 = 100) O 1927 = 138 O 1932 = 77 O Finance O Banking sector dislocated by loss of confidence O Five major banks collapsed in 1931

6. Effects of the World Crisis O Germany suffered the effects of the Wall Street crash more than any other country. O Immediately American loans and investment dried up. O This was followed by demands for repayment of short-term loans.

7. Fundamental weaknesses in the German Economy O Balance of trade O Already in the red (in debt) before crash O Unemployed O Average 1.9 million in 1929 (before crash) O Farmers O Already in debt O Falling incomes since 1927 O Government finances O Defecit from 1925

8. Main cause of the Depression in Germany O Fundamental weaknesses O World Economic Crisis just final push O Wall Street Crash as occasion of (not cause of) Germany’s economic crisis

9. Unemployment Figures in Germany O September 1928 – 650,000 O January 1930 – 2 million O October 1930 – 3 million O January 1932 – 6.1 million

10. Unemployment Figures in Germany O Could be misleading O Do not take into account those who did not register O Do not record those working part-time

11. Depression https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EV4v5OVK95E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EV4v5OVK95E O Unemployment – 5.5 million in 1931 O Could not buy food O Food shortages O Homelessness O Crash of five major banks O 20,000 businesses closing O Middle class also suffering

12. People who suffered from the Depression O Manual Industrial Workers O Prospect of long-term unemployment (for skilled and unskilled) O Wives of Industrial Workers O Impossible task of feeding family and keeping homes warrm on limited money provided by social security benefits

13. People who suffered from the Depression O Middle classes O Small shopkeepers O Well-qualified professionals in law and medicine O Struggle to survive – little demand for goods and services O Loss of pride and respectability (social dislocation)

14. People who suffered from the Depression O People in the countryside O World demand fell O Agricultural depression deepened O Rural poverty O Tenant farmers O Humiliation of being evicted from homes in families for years

18. Depression in the cities O Cologne O Could not pay interest on debt O Banks closed doors O Berlin O Large crowds of young people – open-air games O Chess and cards O Examples of social dislocation

19. Blame for problems O Weimar Republic O No end to misery O Many saw salvation in extremists

20. Germany vs USA O In Germany, one in 3 workers were unemployed in 1933 O In the USA, one in 4 workers were unemployed in 1933 O In Germany, Industrial production had fallen to 42% of its 1929 level by 1932. O In the USA, Industrial production had fallen to 46% of its 1929 level by 1932.

21. Crisis had more severe implications in Germany O Hit harder than France, Britain etc. O Lack of confidence in the Republic’s position O Britain, France and the UK had well- established political systems O Less likely to collapse