2. The Age of Absolutism The Rise of Austria and Prussia and Absolute Monarchy in Russia

3. Warm Up…  NO WARM UP…. HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA!!!

4. Austria & Prussia

5. The 30 Years’ War  1618-1648  Constant religious conflict in Germany  Why?  Germany was part of the Roman Empire, but Romans couldn’t do much about what each prince did.  By the time of the Age of Absolutism, the empire was no longer holy nor Roman…

6. 30 Years’ War  King Ferdinand of the Austrian Hapsburgs wanted to suppress Protestants and control nobles  Hapsburgs were a royal family that originated in Austria  For over 600 years they were emperors of the Holy Roman Empire and other nations (Charles V was a Hapsburg)

7. 30 Years’ War continued...  1618: Rebellious nobles tossed 2 Royal officials out of a window in Prague.  A revolt ensued and spread.  Politically based - no longer religious  European nations go to war

8. Comprehension Questions 1. What empire was Germany apart of? 2. Who were the Hapsburgs? 3. Who was the Hapsburgs king during the 30 Years’ War? 4. What event marked the changed from the war being religious to political?

9. Combatants  Holy Roman Empire  Spain  Portugal  Austria  Bavaria  Sweden  Bohemia  Denmark-Norway  Dutch Republic  France  Scotland  England

10. Results of the 30 Years’ War  Brutal and morbid combat led to massive DEPOPULATION of Europe  Estimates say over a third of the population of Europe may have been wiped out  Disease and famine spread, wolves took over towns…

11. Peace of Westphalia  Acknowledged problems  Europe agreed to work together for peace and international policy  Divided Germany into 360 fragmented states  All recognized Holy Roman Emperor but had their own church, government, army, etc.

12. Peace of Westphalia  2 Emerging States:  Prussia  Hapsburg Austria  Lost big in the 30 Years’ War  Gained no land.

14. Maria Theresa  Austrian Empress - ruled for 40 years  23 when crowned  Art and culture flourished during reign  Daughter - Marie Antoinette - future queen of France

15. Comprehension Questions 1. Approximately how many people died during the 30 Years’ War? 2. What spread through the towns after the war? 3. Name the 2 emerging states after the war. 4. Where was the peace treaty held following the war?

16. Russia

17.  Standards for Absolutism set by Ivan the Terrible, first Czar of Russia  Tough ruler  Shaped the character of Russia  Created a tough and competitive drive in Russia

18. Peter the Great (Romanov)  Czar of Russia at age 10  6’8’’ tall - genetic defect  Carpenter by day - constructed ships for mock battles  Entertained by royalty by night  Wanted to go to Western Europe to learn about technology and way of life

19. Peter the Great (Romanov)

20. Westernization  Peter believed that Westernization was necessary for Russia to advance  Russia was behind the scientific, artistic, and academic advancement of nations in Western Europe

21. Westernization Continued  Westernization began in 1697  Adoption of Western ideas.  Why was it necessary?  Russia was still medieval  untouched by Renaissance and Reformation

22. Peter Centralizes Power  Peter instates in absolute monarchy  Forced Westernization  Made the men shave their heads and beards (contrary to typical Russian culture of the time, but he wanted the men to be like those he met in the Western countries)  Killed rebels and left their bodies to rot outside of the palace walls for months

23. Westernization PETER THE GREAT SHEARING THE BEARD OF AN “OLD BELIEVER”

24. Peter’s Most Important Goal  Wanted to search for a warm water port for Russia (one that would be free from ice all year round)  Necessary if Russia would ever be a major force in Europe  Unable to achieve that goal.

25. Peter and St. Petersburg  Focused on expansion of Russia  Built the city of St. Petersburg

26. Catherine the Great  Husband - mentally unstable Peter III  Died of small pox  Catherine was pushed to his deathbed in the hopes of creating a male heir  Catherine takes the throne Peter III

27. Catherine the Great  As a leader  Efficient  Pro-Westernization  Achieved more land for Russia - conquered a portion of Poland  Influenced Trade  Found the warm water port Peter the Great sought

28. Comprehension Questions 1. Who was the first Tsar of Russia? 2. How tall was Peter the Great? 3. What idea did Peter think was best to advance Russia’s status in the world? 4. What type of port did Peter want to find? 5. What city did Peter build for himself? 6. Who’s husband died of small pox? 7. Where did Catherine find her warm water port?