1. May 9, 2016 Learning Target: I will be able to describe the processes that cause earthquakes. Success Criteria: I can explain what will cause “the big one.” Entry Task: Be ready for new seats Make a list of everything you know about earthquakes Make a list of everything you want to learn about earthquakes Agenda: Earthquakes 1)Earthquake Notes 2)Cascadia Subduction Zone 1)“The Big One”

2. Storms and Weather Quiz Data: Class Quiz Average 1 st – 20.42/27 = 75.62% 3 rd – 19.38/27 = 71.78% 4 th – 20.41/27 = 75.59% 6 th – 19.08/27 = 70.67% Class Overall Averages 1 st – 81.00% 3 rd – 78.56% 4 th – 85.19% 6 th – 82.89%

3. Storms and Weather Quiz Data: A = 25-27 B = 22-24 C = 19-21 D = 17-18 E = ≥ 16

4. Storms and Weather Quiz Data: Grades: Total Test Average Total Overall Average (96 Students Tested) (104 Science Students) 73.42% 81.91%

5. Storms and Weather Quiz Data: 1 st Period Grade Distribution: 100% - 1 A – 2 B – 8 C – 9 D – 1 E – 5

6. Storms and Weather Quiz Data: 3 rd Period Grade Distribution: 100% - 0 A – 1 B – 7 C – 7 D – 5 E – 4

7. Storms and Weather Quiz Data: 4th Period Grade Distribution: 100% - 1 A – 3 B – 7 C – 5 D – 1 E – 5

8. Storms and Weather Quiz Data: 6th Period Grade Distribution: 100% - 1 A – 0 B – 6 C – 7 D – 4 E – 6

9. Overall Grade Distribution

10. Earthquakes

11. What is an earthquake? Used to describe both sudden slip on a fault, and the resulting ground shaking 2 types: – Tectonic – Magmatic (magma rising within Earth).

12. What causes earthquakes? Tectonic plates move past each other causing stress. Stress causes the rock to deform

13. Focus – point inside the Earth where an earthquake begins Epicenter – point on Earth’s surface above focus

14. Typical Seismogram http://isu.indstate.edu/jspeer/Earth&Sky/EarthCh11.ppt

15. Primary Waves (P Waves) A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground The first wave to arrive at an earthquake http://daphne.meccahosting.com/~a0000e89/insideearth2.htm

16. Secondary Waves (S Waves) A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side http://daphne.meccahosting.com/~a0000e89/insideearth2.htm

17. How are Earthquakes Measured? Richter Scale

18. Cascadia Subduction Zone

19. EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST  Convergent boundary  Ocean-continent subduction  Cascadia subduction zone

20. EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 3 types of EQs in PNW  Crustal Magnitude: 6-7 5000-yr recurrence interval 1100 yrs ago  Deep subduction Magnitude: 6-7 50-yr-recurrence interval 1949 (M 7.1), 1965 (M 6.5), 2001 (M 6.8)

21. EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 3 types of EQs in PNW  Shallow subduction (Mega-Thrust) “The Big One” Magnitude: 8-9.5 350-500-yr recurrence interval Last: 1/26/1700 AD (315 yrs ago) (tsunami in Japan)

22. Mega-Thrust Earthquake Magnitude 8-9.5

23. Cascadia mega-thrust earthquakes: Occur every 350-500 years on average – Max range: 200-1000 yrs Last occurrence: – 1700AD (315 years ago) – Magnitude 9.0 – Generated large tsunami – Struck Japan

24. Tsunami: Formation

25. Tsunami: Travel Can travel in open ocean at 600+ MPH

26. Tsunami: Travel Open ocean: Long wave length, short wave height Travel rapidly 600+ May travel across entire ocean & do great damage

27. Tsunami: Travel Approaching shore: Slows down, height increases Energy compressed into shallower water Arrives as large wave or surge or withdrawal of sea

28. Tsunami: Travel WA Coast 5hrs

29. Cascadia Tsunami Generated 40-80 miles off shore Will strike west coast within 15-30 minutes from START of earthquake Hawaii within 5hrs Japan within 13 hrs

30. If You’re At The Beach And… …you feel an EQ…  Run! …the tide surges inward… Run! …the tide surges outward… Run!