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Damped Oscillators Examples
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Negative Positive Zero Critical Under Damping Over Damping
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Over Damping The heavily damped simple harmonic system is displaced a distance F, from its equilibrium position and released from rest. Show that its displacement is given by: And sketch the value of its displacement versus time.
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الصورة العامة لحل معادلة المتذبذب المخمد
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Over Damping Cosh
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Over Damping Sinh
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Critical
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Critical Damping Verify that the solution: Satisfies the equation:
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بالتعويض في المعادلة (1)
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Simple pendulum with damping
A simple pendulum has a length of 1.0 m . It is set swinging with small –amplitude oscillations. After 5.0 minutes, the amplitude is only 50% of what it was initially. What is the value of K for motion? By what factor does the frequency, ,differ from the undamped frequency ?
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The equation of motion for the damped simple pendulum is:
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Methods of Describing the Damping of an Oscillator
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(1) Logarithmic Decrement
و هذا يقيس المعدل الذي تضمحل به السعة. و الزمن الدوري
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Is called the logarithmic decrement
وهي عبارة عن لوغاريتم النسبة بين سعتين متتاليتين، حيث السعة الأكبر في البسط.
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(2) Relaxation Time or Modulus of Decay
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لو عدنا الى المثال السابق الخاص بالبندول البسيط
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(3) The Quality Factor or Q-value of Damped Simple Harmonic Oscillator
و هذا يقيس المعدل الذي تضمحل به الطاقة In the presence of a damping force , the amplitude A decays with time as:
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So that the energy decay will be proportional to:
The time for the energy E to decay to is given by
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خلال هذا الزمن ، فانّ المتذبذب سوف يهتز :
و سوف نعرف معامل النوعية the quality factor بأنه عدد الزوايا القطرية التي يهتز النظام المخمد خلالها حتى تضمحل طاقته لتصل الى القيمة The number of radians through which the damped system oscillates as its energy decays to
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عدد الذبذبات ( أو الدورات الكاملة cycles ) التي تصل خلالها طاقة النظام الى 1/e من طاقته الابتدائية و بالتالي تكون : عدد الزوايا القطرية radians التي تصل خلالها طاقة النظام الى 1/e من طاقته الابتدائية.
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اذا اعتبرنا أن Q ثابت ( )فهذا يعني أنّ النسبة
تكون ثابتة أيضا.
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Example on the Q-value of a Damped Simple Harmonic Oscillator
An electron in an atom which is freely radiating power behaves as a damped simple harmonic oscillator. If the radiated power is given by watts at a wavelength of 0.6 microns (6000 Å), show that the Q-value of the atom is about and that its free radiation lifetime is about sec (the time for its energy to decay to of its original value ).
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Where, is the energy loss per cycle, and the energy of the oscillator is given by
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