1. Characterization of water requirements in Extremadura (Spain ) for processing tomato L.L. Paniagua 1, A. García-Martín 1, M.A. Rozas 1, E. Ordiales 2 and J.L. LLerena 2,3 1 Department of Agronomic and Forestry Engineering. Extremadura University 2 CTAEX. National Agrofood Technological Center «Extremadura» 3 Plant Physiology area. Extremadura University

2. Universidad de Extremadura Applied Horticulture and Gardening Engineering (TPR009) Conservation management and land reclamation water and sediments (RNM011) Universidad de Extremadura

3. CTAEX

4. Water is the main ingredient for life It is an indispensable resource for the human eco system Introduction

5. Extremadura

6. South West of the Iberian peninsula Extremadura

7. Cultivation of processing tomatoes 21,000 ha Yields: 89 t/ha Farmer groups 19 Factories 14 Average consumption of water 5,000-6,000 m3/ha Producing 2 million tonnes The main production areas can be found primarily on the river plains Vegas Numbers

8. Factories

9. Processing Extremadura/Spain Miles (kg)

10. The climate in Extremadura is typical of the Mediterranean Long dry summers with periodic droughts Weather

11. Evapotranspiration (ETo) is affected by a number of climatic factors including Solar radiation Temperature Relative humidity Water pressure Atmospheric pressure Wind pressure Type of crop Variety Growing stage Evapotranspiration

12. Evapo-transpiration Transpiration Evaporatio n Rain Irrigatio n Evapotranspiration

13. Yield (t/ha)

14. Multivariate statistical analysis The goal of this study Use these analyses in order to classify zones with high homogeneity 27 georeferenced meteorological stations Materials and methods (t/ha)

15. ESTName Elevation (m) Latitude (º) Longitud e (º) Group Water Requirement s BA01Zalamea de la Serena45938.685.691 BA02Monterrubio de la Serena49938.595.381 BA04Villagonzalo26638.846.183 BA05Jerez de los Caballeros26138.286.732 BA06Olivenza 20238.727.061 BA08Don Benito26738.935.893 BA09Villafranca de los Barros40638.576.073 BA101Mérida 26538.856.321 BA203Bercial20038.886.831 BA204Rueda Chica18638.926.733 BA205La Orden18638.856.673 BA206Arroyo22038.876.473 BA210Palazuelo29039.015.733 CC01Casatejada27438.885.684 CC04Aldehuela del Jerte26240.006.233 CC07Madrigalejo29739.145.593 CC09Peraleda de la Mata30939.865.474 CC10Tejeda de Tíetar23539.965.862 CC101Hurdes-Azabal57440.306.302 CC11Jarandilla de la Vera50840.105.651 CC12Gargantilla59640.215.942 CC13Talayuela27740.015.562 CC14Coria-Puebla de Argeme23539.976.673 CC16Moraleja25240.056.713 CC17Valdastillas63440.135.882 CC18Valdesalor38239.376.331 CC19Zarza de Granadilla38040.226.182 REDAREX

16. Three distinct cycles can be identified as representative of cultivation in Extremadura: J FM AMJJASOND LONG MEDIUM SORT Cycle

17. All three cycles were analyzed to ascertain the optimum amount of water required: Growth stage (G) Setting of the fruit (D) (Development) Fruit ripening (R) Cycle

18. G D R Campillo et al Cycle

19. To identify the principal factors the variables were analyzed by means of a two stage multivariate Principal Components Analysis (PCA) Cluster Analysis Results

20. Hydrological requirements J FM AMJJAS LONG 525.6 mm MEDIUM 524.3 mm SORT 533.7 mm

21. Hydrological requirements PC1 during fruit development and ripening PC2 Early vegetative growth These two principal components explained 96.9% of the variability PC1 83.40% PC2 13.5% Results

22. PC1 D R PC2 (G) PCA

23. DRDR DRDR PC1

24. G G PC2

25. GroupSta PCA 1 G PCA 2 DR 170.863b-0.312b 27-0.261c-1.158b 311-0.734c0.757a 421.930a0.984a Cluster analysis

26. a a b b c a c b 11 G DRDR 7 G 7 DRDR G 2 G DRDR Cluster analysis DRDR

27. Stations by group water needs 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 4 3 3 1 3 3 1 31 3 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 DRDR 3 DRDR 1 G G

28. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) PC1 requirements during the development and ripening of the fruit PC2 requirements during the vegetative development of the tomato plant Identification of four distinctive groups and with hydrological requirements being different at each stage of the cultivation Conclusions

29. Government of Extremadura Applied Horticulture and Gardening Engineering (TPR009) Conservation management and land reclamation water and sediments (RNM011) Co-financed by European FEDER funds Acknowledgements

30. Thanks More information http://observatoriotomate.com/http://observatoriotomate.com/ José Luis Llerena jllerena@ctaex.com @jllerenaruiz Extremadura Tomato Land