1. Equilibria in the Real World – The Haber Process Nobel Prize (Chemistry)1918 for the synthesis of ammonia from air. Fritz Haber 1868 - 1934

2. The Haber Process Major Uses Fertilisers (for example ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) Synthesis of Nitric Acid (HNO 3 ) Dyes Drugs N H H H

3. N2N2 From Air +H2H2 From Methane NH 3 32 The Haber Process Exothermic Endothermic

4. Temperature of the reaction. Pressure of the reaction. Catalyst. Factors that need to be considered in the manufacture of ammonia: ICI Billingham The Haber Process

6. % Yield Pressure (Bar) 1000 100 100 o C 200 o C 300 o C 400 o C 500 o C The Haber Process

7. N2N2 +H2H2 NH 3 32  H= - 92 kJ/mol 4 moles2 moles Le Chatelier’s Principle… ‘A system at equilibrium will react to oppose any changes made upon it’ The Haber Process

9. % Yield Pressure (Bar) 1000 100 300 o C The Haber Process

11. % Yield Pressure (Bar) 1000 100 100 o C 200 o C 300 o C 400 o C 500 o C 10% The Haber Process