1. Sleep & Dreaming By: Taylor, Zayne & Carla

2. Introduction Things We Will Cover ✧ What are dreams, and what types are there ✧ Medications ✧ Sleep disorders/illnesses ✧ Sleep stages ✧ Things that affect sleep

3. What are dreams? Dreams are images, imagery, thoughts, sounds, voices and sensations. Dreams are electrochemical pulses from the brainstem which create REM stage, which is where dreams take place. REM (rapid eye movement) is the deepest stage of the sleep cycle.

4. Types of dreams Daydreams Nightmares Lucid dreams Recurring dreams Epic dreams

5. Types Daydreaming occurs when you are half awake, it is imagining or remembering images/ experiences in the past or “future” Epic dreams are so memorable and vivid you could remember them for years Lucid dreams occur when you realize you are dreaming Recurring dreams are dreams that have little to no variation

6. Nightmares and Sleep Paralysis A nightmare is a dream that causes extreme levels of anxiety the most common is falling off a tall place. Sleep Paralysis is a feeling of being conscious but unable to move. During these transitions, you may be unable to move or some people may also feel pressure or a sense of choking. They may also have hallucinations of things that are not there.

9. What Happens When We Sleep? During sleep your heart rate and breathing become inconsistent, some people w/ weak hearts have died during sleep Paralysis of your skeletal muscles occurs. This prevents you from acting out your dreams and hurting yourself. Some people have been known to wake and be paralyzed momentarily. We usually have between 4-7 dreams per night.

10. Medication Effects Most medications cause strange dreams are drugs that change the chemicals in your brain such as antidepressants. These medications cause the brain to be very active during REM sleep. REM sleep causes your heart rate to go up and your brain to cause vivid nightmares.

11. What Happens in The Brain? Dreams travel through the Cerebral Cortex System and if you have stress, trauma, or new medications it can cause unusual dreams.

12. Medications Adderall- Causes the most vivid dreams Beta-Blockers- Lower the blood pressure Corticosteroids- Cause people to constantly stay awake SSR Antidepressants- Give you tremors, creates rapid eye movement in the brain.

13. Foods and Bad Dreams Eating food before bed especially spicy and junk food causes your metabolism and brain activity. In one study in Canada the found that almost 10% of nightmares are triggered through food during Rapid Eye Movement so try not to eat. In many cases Hot Sauce, Chocolate Bars, and Mustard are know to cause bad dreams if eaten before bed.

14. Sleep Stages Stage 1: is light sleep where you drift in and out of sleep and can be awakened easily. In this stage, the eyes move slowly and muscle activity slows. Stage 2: eye movement stops and brain waves become slower. Stage 3: is extremely slow brain waves are interspersed with smaller, faster waves. In stage 4: the brain produces delta waves almost exclusively. Stages 3 and 4 are referred to as deep sleep, and it is very difficult to wake someone from them. In deep sleep, there is no eye movement or muscle activity.

15. Sleep Illnesses Night Terrors- Night terrors in children are distinctly different from the much more common nightmares. Central Sleep Apnea- In central sleep apnea, breathing is disrupted regularly during sleep because of the way the brain functions. Insomnia- Insomnia is a sleep disorder that is characterized by difficulty falling and/or staying asleep. Sleep Paralysis- Have you ever felt like you were awake but unable to move? You might have even felt afraid but could not call for help? This condition is called sleep paralysis.

16. Sleep Illness Con.

17. Sleep Deprivation Sleep deprivation is the condition of not having enough sleep can be either chronic or acute. A chronic sleep restriction state can cause fatigue, sleepiness, clumsiness, and weight loss or gain. Sleep deprivation can cause mild damage on the brain creating a difficulty with your memory, driving ability, eye sight & sometimes associate with Type 2 Diabetes.

18. Fun Facts Every person you see in your dreams is someone you have seen in real life. You forget 50% of what you dream within 5 minutes of waking up and 90% w/in 10 minutes after you wake up. If you snore you are not dreaming. 70% of men dream about other men. The most prevalent emotions in dreams are negative emotions. During the first stage of sleep is when you experience the feeling of falling. If you fall asleep w/in the first 5 minutes of laying down you are sleep deprived.

19. Questions What is the purpose of dreaming? There is no one answer for why we dream but a lot of our thoughts are creating symbols in the dream. Are dreams in color? Yes. Most dreams are in color but usually when you dream your dream your mind is too busy to notice the color Why can’t you remember their dreams? Because you go into REM sleep every 90 minutes.

20. Works Cited "10 Theories That Explain Why We Dream." Io9. Web. 9 Feb. 2015.. "Five Stages Of Sleep... Sleep Cycles Explained." Better- Sleep-Better-Life.com. Web. 9 Feb. 2015.. "Types of Dreams: Five Dream Types to Lucidity." Types of Dreams: Five Dream Types to Lucidity. Web. 9 Feb. 2015..