1. Sleep & Dreams Baylis 7.1

2. Consciousness A state of awareness Including: - a person’s feelings - sensations - ideas - perceptions Sleep is a state of “altered consciousness” with period of brain activity & inactivity

3. Zzzzzzz.. Why Sleep? Some Theories: Restorative Brain recovers from exhaustion & stress Conserve energy Primitive safety reason  Sleep while danger is awake Clears mind of useless information.

4. Sleep… Hard to study  ppl can’t report on experiences until after the fact Development of EEG (electroencephalograph) Studies show a lack of sleep = adverse psychological symptoms.

5. Stages of Sleep Stage 1 (5-10 min.) – “ I wasn’t sleeping” Stage 2: (about 30 min.) – brain waves reg. Stage 3: Brain waves change Stage 4: (30 min.)- Talking, sleepwalking, etc. Stage 5: REM, where dreams happen

6. How much Zzzz’s to catch? 1/3 of our lives zzzzzz Varies throughout lifespan: - newborns: 16 hrs/day -teens: 10-11hrs/day -adults: 8 hrs/day -70+: 5hrs/day

7. Circadian Rhythm Our internal biological clock 24-to-25 hour cycle of sleep & waking activity People who do not see light for extended period keep this rhythm Jetlag: when our C-clock does not match the actual clock time Recovery from Jet Lag: 1 day for each hour of time chg.

8. Sleep Disorders Insomnia Failure to get enough sleep to feel rested Various reasons including anxiety, depression, & substance abuse

9. Sleep Disorders Sleep Apnea Troubled breathing caused interruption in normal sleep Causes are physical - enlarged tonsils - throat/ear infections - obesity

10. Sleep Disorders Narcolepsy Constant unexplained feeling of sleepiness Sudden sleep attacks Cause: possible chemical imbalance in brain

11. Sleep Disorders Nightmares Scary dreams Person wakes up w/ memory of movie-like dream REM sleep Night Terrors Extremely intense Usually not remembered Stage 4, 5 to 20 min long

12. Sleep Disorders Sleepwalking Usually children Not caused by a disorder; inherited Causes: fatigue, chaotic sleep schedules, stress, alcohol intoxication, etc Sleep Talking Common Can occur in any stage Harmless

13. Dreams EVERYBODY dreams EVERY time they sleep Cultural Differences  Dream Memory Typically recall last 15 min. of last dream

14. What we dream about… Commonplace things and areas Everyday activities Majority: recreational activities or passive events Emotions recalled: unpleasant

15. What does a ____ mean? Freud -Dreams contain clues to thoughts the dreamer is afraid to acknowledge Inuits: contained “hidden meanings” Nathaniel Kleitman -No function; an unimportant by-product of stimulated brain cells

16. Other Opinions Problem Solving Theory - ppl get a chance to review & address problems they face during the day Francis Crick - a way the brain removes unneeded memories ; housecleaning