1. The Restoration and the 18 th Century 1660-1798 Tradition and Reason English IV

2. Restoration London

3. The Reign of Charles II A Sophisticated Society Turned its back on the grim era of Puritan rule. Set the tone for upper class social and political life which was lively and full of splendor Was a patron of the arts and reopened the theatres and promoted science, as well. Re-established Anglicanism as England’s state religion.

4. The Reign of Charles II Politics Supported by Tories/Limited by Whigs Public and government believed that the king or monarch needed to share power with Parliament. Government was busy dealing with another wave of the plague in 1665 and the Great Fire of London a year later. Religion was still an issue although they favored leniency toward those citizens who wanted to remain Protestant.

5. Charles II

6. Royalty and the People William and Mary James II (son) succeeded Charles II, but he was a terrible monarch and statesman who was forced to abdicate the throne. William and James II’s daughter, Mary, took the throne in 1688 and brought about the Glorious Revolution, which gave Parliament much more power. In 1689, the English Bill of Rights was passed which specifically limited royal authority. Crown was passed to Queen Anne, Mary’s daughter in 1702 at which time Scotland and England officially joined together to create Great Britain.

7. William and Mary

8. Royalty and the People The House of Hanover Crown passed after Anne’s reign to George I who was from Germany. He spoke no English. Son, George II was first British born Hanover. Son, George III suffered from a mental illness that caused him to have many political blunders, the worst of which was losing the American colonies during the Revolutionary War.

9. Queen Anne

10. George III Dude Who Lost America

11. Ideas of the Age Age of Reason Sir Isaac Newton’s theories and laws created during this time brought science to the forefront. Created the scientific method to bring order and logic to the world. Botanists, Astronomers, Chemists and Physicians studied and discovered new principles which included inoculations, medicines, and living conditions. Scientific discoveries influenced other areas of social science including economics. People wanted to “live well” and enjoy a comfortable, even lavish, lifestyle.

12. Sir Isaac Newton

13. Literature Social observers brought about a new age of journalism that were not only well-written and informative but also contained opinions, lessons, and amusements. Non-fiction’s popularity increased, as well. Fiction became popular with Robinson Crusoe, which is considered to be England’s first novel. Satire, a witty and formal style of writing that was both funny and sarcastic, was used by neoclassical writers to illustrate both problems and issues of the age. Alexander Pope – Horatian satirist, which was playful and sympathetic. Jonathan swift – Juvenilian satirist, which was dark and biting.

14. Pope and Swift

15. Age of Johnson Second half of the 18 th century called the Age of Johnson. Samuel Johnson was England’s most popular writer, poet, and yes, a celebrity. Wrote the Dictionary of the English Language, which was a very difficult task that garnered Johnson much praise. “Literary Dictator” and “Arbiter (a person who has the sole or absolute power of judging) of Taste” of his time.

16. Samuel Johnson

17. Chicks Rule The Emergence of Women Writers Though they were still not even close to being considered equal, viable members of society, women began writing and exploring the world around them. Held “salons” at each other’s homes where they would hold serious discussions, read novels and poetry and host famous writers of the day. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley shared her first writings and was exposed to authors at these salons – later became one of the greatest writers of the next literary time period, the Romantic Era

18. A “Salon”

19. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley