1. Central American Certificate Course: HIV Monitoring and Evaluation for HIV/AIDS Policy and Program Management BZ ES GT NI PA CR February 3 rd to 9 th

2. BZ ES GT NI PA CR Remember that the last day to send this test to your tutor is on February 28th. (martin@ignitebelize.com)martin@ignitebelize.com If you have any doubt, please ask your tutor.

3. BZ ES GT NI PA CR Economics studies how people allocate scarce resources to satisfy different needs in order to maximise utility. What is the key assumption of this approach to human behaviour? a)Rationality b)Inelasticity c)Consumer Surplus d)None of above

4. BZ ES GT NI PA CR Please relate some types of market failures to its definitions. Insert the market failure in the corresponding answer cell Market FailureAnswerDefinition 1ExternalitiesPeople are reluctant to contribute for services of which benefits they cannot be excluded 2Public GoodsPrices are not defined by market functioning but by one seller that controls the whole market 3Moral HazardInsurers try to select only healthy individuals but are those with higher risks the ones who seek insurance 4Adverse SelectionPeople tend to take more risks when other people will pay for the consequences. 5MonopolyGains or losses associated to a good production or consumption do not reflect its social cost

5. BZ ES GT NI PA CR You, as sole importer of life-saving medicines for a disease affecting 1% of the population, raise the prices 10%. What will happen to your total revenue? a)No change in total revenue b)Total revenue will fall down c)Total revenue will go up d)None of above

6. BZ ES GT NI PA CR Please relate functions of Health Financing to its definitions. No.FunctionAnswerDefinition 1Revenue collectionEnsuring that risk of incurring in health care expenses is borne by all individuals not only those with health risks. 2Risk poolingNegotiating provision to ensure better quality of care at lower costs 3Purchasing servicesSetting mechanisms to ensure fairness in contribution and sustainable funding

7. BZ ES GT NI PA CR Out-of-pocket expenditures are direct purchases of health services and goods by households or health needs not included in risk pools. How OOP affect health care systems? (a)Reduces access to health care for poor people (b)Empoverishes people with catastrophic or recurring health expenditures (c)Foster efficiency in well-functioning health markets (d)Only (a) and (b) are correct

8. Monitoring and Evaluation for HIV AIDS Policies and Programs Management BZ ES GT NI PA CR Central American Certificate Course: