1. Good Morning!!! 1.No NVC  2.India: “The Jewel in the Crown” 3.Sepoy Rebellion: India’s First War for Independence Essential Question: What caused the 1857 Sepoy Rebellion? Homework: Study for Test on FRIDAY!

2. History of British Interest East India Company – Huge British corporation obsessed with trade in the Indian Ocean – Set up first trading posts in India in 1600 c.1550 Indian ruled by Mughal Dynasty – Muslim dynasty – Also many powerful princes (maharajah) that are Hindu – British use religious differences to create tension and weaken India 1757 East India Company takes control of India after defeating Mughal Dynasty

3. British Control British bring modern education, science, and technology to India “Jewel in the Crown”: Most valuable of all British colonies – Produces CASH CROPS (cotton, opium, etc) sold all over the world Victorian Holocaust: Cash crops decrease food production = FAMINE that kills millions

4. Resisting Imperialism? India’s First War for Independence (1857): attempted mass uprising against British control – Also known as the Sepoy Rebellion because it is started by started by Sepoys = Indian soldiers fighting for British “A delicate and dangerous machine which a little mismanagement may easily turn against us.”

5. What caused the Sepoy Rebellion? Hypothesis #1: The Sepoys revolted because they thought the British were interfering with their religion. – Doc A Samuel Gardner: Disgrace for Sepoys to touch cows, and THEY believed now British want them to grease their weapons with Cow fat – Doc B Sir Campbell: British trying to convert the Sepoys to Christianity Hypothesis #2: The Sepoys revolted because they were upset the British had seized direct control of Oudh. – East India Company Seized control of Oudh after local ruler dies  Doc E – Oudh was a historical and cultural important place  Doc E Hypothesis #3: The Sepoys revolted because they felt the British gave them no respect and no say in government. – Doc E  Sepoys had seen their pay and status decline, felt British had no respect – Indians had no say in government (Doc D): British didn’t give Indians any spots on the legislative council

6. British Imperialism in India “The Devil’s Wind” 1857 Sepoy Mutiny crushed by British 1858 Raj begins: British government strengthens direct control of India – Period of racial tension and conflicts between Indians and British

7. Mahatma Ghandi Mahatma Ghandi: leader of Indian Nationalist movement c. 1914 Nonviolent Civil Disobedience – nonviolent protest and peaceful refusal to obey British rule – “Independence will never be ours by force of arms. Brute- force is not natural to the Indian people. We will have, therefore, to rely wholly on soul-force. You must not consider that violence is necessary at any stage for reaching our goal.”—Ghandi – 1947 British rule in India ends