1. Unit 7 Hydrosphere Day 11 Focus: Water Quality Indicators 4-27-16 Turn in late flash cards 9-19 and projects NOW! Warm-up – ½ sheet – Analyze the table and answer the question. We will tape this and another ½ sheet on page 5.

2. Agenda 1.Warm-up 2.Discuss homework 3.Essential Question 4.Cont. Water Quality Notes - “Health of a Water System” 5.Rocky River Water Quality analysis activity 6.Wrap-up

3. Homework Day 10 1. Answer quest 7 through Summary (in other words, FINISH IT!) on “What Factors Affect Water Quality?” using the article provided

4. Essential Question p.5: What factors determine water quality?

5. The Health of a Water System

6. Let’s continue with water quality. Back to pH. Back to pH.

7. There are 6 indicators (things the EPA will monitor) in a body of water that tell if it is healthy. 1. Dissolved _______ 1. Dissolved _______ 2. Temperature 2. Temperature 3. ________ 3. ________ 4. pH 4. pH 5. ________ 5. ________ 6. Biological indicators (Bio-indicators such as E. Coli bacteria, # of species of fish, ______, ______ & aquatic weeds) 6. Biological indicators (Bio-indicators such as E. Coli bacteria, # of species of fish, ______, ______ & aquatic weeds) oxygen Nitrates Turbidity insectsalgae

8. There are 6 indicators (things the EPA will monitor) in a body of water that tell if it is healthy. 1. Dissolved oxygen 1. Dissolved oxygen 2. Temperature 2. Temperature 3. Nitrates 3. Nitrates 4. pH 4. pH 5. Turbidity 5. Turbidity 6. Biological indicators (Bio-indicators such as E. Coli bacteria, # of species of fish, insects, algae & aquatic weeds) 6. Biological indicators (Bio-indicators such as E. Coli bacteria, # of species of fish, insects, algae & aquatic weeds)

9. Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved oxygen also called DO Dissolved oxygen also called DO Levels need to be above 4.0 mg/L Levels need to be above 4.0 mg/L If levels are low, death to organisms (cellular respiration) If levels are low, death to organisms (cellular respiration) Sewage, fertilizer runoff (increase in algae growth – as algae die, bacteria decompose them and use up oxygen in the water), warm water temperature, and animal waste can decrease DO levels Sewage, fertilizer runoff (increase in algae growth – as algae die, bacteria decompose them and use up oxygen in the water), warm water temperature, and animal waste can decrease DO levels

10. Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved oxygen also called ____ Dissolved oxygen also called ____ Levels need to be above _______ Levels need to be above _______ If levels are low, _____ to organisms (_______ respiration) If levels are low, _____ to organisms (_______ respiration) Sewage, ________ runoff (increase in algae growth – as algae die, _________ decompose them and use up ______ in the water), _____ water temperature, and animal waste can _______ DO levels Sewage, ________ runoff (increase in algae growth – as algae die, _________ decompose them and use up ______ in the water), _____ water temperature, and animal waste can _______ DO levels D.O. fertilizer death Cellular bacteria oxygenincrease lower 4.0 mg/L. Type?

11. Is this point-source or nonpoint-source pollution? WHY? Point-source. We can “point to” or identify where the pollution is coming from.

12. Temperature _________ changes can affect Dissolved ______ (D.O.) levels. _________ changes can affect Dissolved ______ (D.O.) levels. Warm water holds _____ D.O. than cool water. Warm water holds _____ D.O. than cool water. Water that is ______ in manufacturing and dumped in a river will heat the river and ______the D.O. level causing the ______ of organisms. Water that is ______ in manufacturing and dumped in a river will heat the river and ______the D.O. level causing the ______ of organisms. This heated water is called ______ _______. This heated water is called ______ _______. Temperature Oxygen less heated lower thermal death pollution Type?

13. Temperature Temperature changes can affect Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. Temperature changes can affect Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. Warm water holds less DO than cool water. Warm water holds less DO than cool water. Water that is heated in manufacturing and dumped in a river will heat the river and lower the DO level causing the death of organisms. Water that is heated in manufacturing and dumped in a river will heat the river and lower the DO level causing the death of organisms. This heated water is called thermal pollution. This heated water is called thermal pollution.

15. Nitrates Naturally occurring. Naturally occurring. Small amounts in water are normal. Small amounts in water are normal. Elevated levels can decrease DO levels causing harm to organisms. Elevated levels can decrease DO levels causing harm to organisms. They can come from animal waste or fertilizers. They can come from animal waste or fertilizers.

16. Nitrates _______ occurring. _______ occurring. _____ amounts in water are _____. _____ amounts in water are _____. Elevated levels can ______ DO levels causing ____ to organisms. Elevated levels can ______ DO levels causing ____ to organisms. They can come from ________________________. They can come from ________________________. Small Naturally normal lower death animal waste or fertilizers carried by rainfall into streams. Type?

17. Have you ever seen a pond covered with green algae? If so, you are observing eutrophication (yoo tro fi kay shun). It’s not a good thing!

18. Eutrophication

19. What is Eutrophication? _______ in _____ growth due to excess _______ and ________ ________ getting into a body of water. The fertilizers feed the _____ which _______ rapidly. Algae may cover the ________ of a pond _______ the amount of sunlight resulting in _______ ________ for aquatic plants. As the algae die, _______ multiply rapidly and begin to ______ the __________ ________ in the water. This results in ______ of aquatic animals. _______ in _____ growth due to excess _______ and ________ ________ getting into a body of water. The fertilizers feed the _____ which _______ rapidly. Algae may cover the ________ of a pond _______ the amount of sunlight resulting in _______ ________ for aquatic plants. As the algae die, _______ multiply rapidly and begin to ______ the __________ ________ in the water. This results in ______ of aquatic animals. Increasealgae fertilizers animal wastes algae multiply surface lowering death decreased photosynthesis deplete (use up ) bacteria Dissolved oxygen Type?

20. Eutrophication Increase in algae growth due to excess fertilizers and animal wastes getting into a body of water. The fertilizers feed the algae which multiply rapidly. Algae may cover the surface of a pond reducing the amount of sunlight resulting in decreased photosynthesis for aquatic plants. As the algae die, bacteria multiply rapidly and begin to deplete the dissolved oxygen in the water. This results in death of aquatic animals. Increase in algae growth due to excess fertilizers and animal wastes getting into a body of water. The fertilizers feed the algae which multiply rapidly. Algae may cover the surface of a pond reducing the amount of sunlight resulting in decreased photosynthesis for aquatic plants. As the algae die, bacteria multiply rapidly and begin to deplete the dissolved oxygen in the water. This results in death of aquatic animals.

21. pH pH is about acid/base balance. pH is about acid/base balance. Normal 6.5 – 8.5 Normal 6.5 – 8.5 7 is neutral 7 is neutral Lower #’s = more acidic/Higher #’s = more base (alkaline) so less acidic Lower #’s = more acidic/Higher #’s = more base (alkaline) so less acidic Acid rain and chemicals can affect pH Acid rain and chemicals can affect pH ACIDS BASES NORMAL

22. pH pH is about ___________ balance. pH is about ___________ balance. Normal is_________ Normal is_________ 7 is _______ 7 is _______ Lower #’s = more ______/Higher #’s = more base (alkaline) so ______ acidic Lower #’s = more ______/Higher #’s = more base (alkaline) so ______ acidic ______ _______and chemicals can affect ____ ______ _______and chemicals can affect ____ ACIDS BASES NORMAL Acid/base 6.5-8.5 Neutral (what we would like it to be) Acid rain acidic less pH Type?

23. Let’s test the pH of some common substances, as well as our trout habitat. Lab Safety: CHEMICAL SAFETY: BLEACH IS A CHEMICAL THAT CAN BE HARMFUL TO YOU IF IT GETS INTO YOUR EYES OR IS INGESTED OR INHALED. IT CAN ALSO TAKE THE COLOR OUT OF YOUR CLOTHING. USE CAUTION. NEVER smell a substance unless directed by the teacher. DO NOT LIFT THE CUPS OF LIQUID!!! Turn in a textbook to page 712 and look at the pH scale. Lower numbers are ________, and higher numbers are ________. You have 5 liquids: Predict which ones are more acidic and which ones are more alkaline (basic). Then, use one test strip to test the pH of each liquid. Place used test strips into the “used” cup. -Tap water-Vinegar-Aquarium water -Bleach-Baking soda

24. Let’s watch a video to show how pH can affect a body of water. http://www.ket.org/education/video/ watersolutions/acmdprecipitate.htm

25. Turbidity Measure of ____________ of _______ _________ in water. Measure of ____________ of _______ _________ in water. _____ turbidity ______ light penetration and can clog fishes’ ______, ______ fish and insect _______ _____ turbidity ______ light penetration and can clog fishes’ ______, ______ fish and insect _______ Lack of light _________ affects the health of organisms and reduces __________. Lack of light _________ affects the health of organisms and reduces __________. Turbidity is affected by the _______ (amount) and ________ (speed)of the water (the ________the volume and velocity, the _______ the turbidity) Turbidity is affected by the _______ (amount) and ________ (speed)of the water (the ________the volume and velocity, the _______ the turbidity) concentration particles suspended High reduces negatively gills smother nests photosynthesis volume velocity higher Type?

26. Turbidity Measure of concentration of particles suspended in water. Measure of concentration of particles suspended in water. High turbidity reduces light penetration and can clog fishes’ gills, cover fish and insect nests High turbidity reduces light penetration and can clog fishes’ gills, cover fish and insect nests Lack of light negatively affects the health of organisms and reduces photosynthesis. Lack of light negatively affects the health of organisms and reduces photosynthesis. Turbidity is affected by the volume (amount) and velocity (speed)of the water (the greater the volume and velocity, the greater the turbidity) Turbidity is affected by the volume (amount) and velocity (speed)of the water (the greater the volume and velocity, the greater the turbidity)

28. Biological Indicators The _______ and ______of ______ organisms (plants, _______ _______, mussels, worms, leeches, _____) in a water system indicate the ______ of the water system. The _______ and ______of ______ organisms (plants, _______ _______, mussels, worms, leeches, _____) in a water system indicate the ______ of the water system. A _________ in living organisms indicates an _________ system. A _________ in living organisms indicates an _________ system. Some organisms (_____________) can tolerate ______ levels of water ______. Presence of these organisms tells the ______that the body of water is ______. Some organisms (_____________) can tolerate ______ levels of water ______. Presence of these organisms tells the ______that the body of water is ______. High bacteria levels High bacteria levels health living types fish Aquatic insects amounts decrease unhealthy Invertebrates (insects) pollution higher EPA polluted may indicate pollution Type?

29. Biological Indicators The amount and types of living organisms (plants, aquatic insects, mussels, worms, & leeches, fish) in a water system indicate the health of the water system. The amount and types of living organisms (plants, aquatic insects, mussels, worms, & leeches, fish) in a water system indicate the health of the water system. A decrease in living organisms indicates an unhealthy system. A decrease in living organisms indicates an unhealthy system. Some organisms (invertebrates) can tolerate higher levels of water pollution. Presence of these organisms tells the EPA that the body of water is polluted. Some organisms (invertebrates) can tolerate higher levels of water pollution. Presence of these organisms tells the EPA that the body of water is polluted. High bacteria levels may indicate pollution High bacteria levels may indicate pollution

30. Biological indicators- Macroinvertebrates

31. NOW Let’s practice analyzing water quality by comparing some Rocky River water quality data to EPA standards for water quality. Turn on back of your homework sheet. Let’s practice analyzing water quality by comparing some Rocky River water quality data to EPA standards for water quality. Turn on back of your homework sheet.

32. Finish the questions. Due tomorrow.

33. Wrap-Up: Day 10 Interpreting Graphics page 71 in textbook.