1. Critical Appraisal of a Paper Feedback

3. Critical Appraisal Full Reference –Authors (Surname & Abbreviations) –Year of publication –Full Title –Journal –Volume –Page numbers

4. EBM Basic Skills Formulate structured clinical question PICO(D) Search for evidence Systematic Select best evidence Critically appraise GATE Frame RAMMbo CASP ATAGLANCE

5. Research Design Diagnostic tests Prognosis Therapy Patients’ Preferences Cross sectional study Cohort study RCT Qualitative research BMJ 1997;315:1636

6. CASP Critical Appraisal Skills Programme –Are the results Valid? –What are the results? –Will the results help locally?

7. Are the Results Valid? 1.Did the trial address a clearly focused issue? Population Intervention Comparator Outcomes 2.Was assignment random? 3.Were all the patients accounted for? 4.Blinding? Patients Health workers Study personnel 5.Were the groups similar from randomisation? 6.Were the groups treated the same other than the intervention?

8. What are the Results? 7.How large was the treatment effect? 8.How precise was the estimate of the effect? –Confidence limits.

9. Will the Results Help Locally? 9.Can the results be applied locally? 10.Were all the important clinical outcomes considered? 11.Are the benefits with the harms and costs?

10. ATAGLANCE Acronym Title Aim Groups Limbs – Intervention v Comparator Absolute Risk Reduction Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Clinical Conclusion Education for patients/carers

11. Research Design Diagnostic tests Prognosis Therapy Patients’ Preferences Cross sectional study Cohort study RCT Qualitative research BMJ 1997;315:1636