1. Chapter 34: Colonies Become New Nation States CCWH- Decolonization

2. Ch. 34 Essential Questions: 1. 1. Explain the independence movements in Africa and Asia during the mid 1900’s. 2. 2. Explain the creation and development of the Jewish state of Israel.

3. After WWII, while United States, Soviet Union, and China struggled to co-exist, smaller nations struggled for independence from their colonial rulers

4. I. India Gains Independence by 1930’s, British had ruled India for nearly two centuries throughout WWII Indian nationalist, like Mohandas Gandhi, protested British rule After WWII, Britain decided cost of India as a colony was too high & began plans to give India independence But India was also experiencing bitter internal strife b/w Hindus & Muslims

5. Britain decided India must be partitioned- divided into Muslim Pakistan, and Hindu India Aug 15th, 1947 Britain granted India independence making India largest democracy Nehru- India’s strong first prime minister. Death caused instability Nehru’s daughter, Indira Gandhi eventually was able to hold the nation together

6. India and Pakistan

7. I. New Nations in Africa A. Ghana Leads the Way first half of 20th century Africa dominated by European imperialism following WWII many African nations began to demand independence Kwame Nkrumah led movement for independence in Africa British colony, The Gold Coast first to demand independence

8. British conceded & Gold Coast received independence in 1957- changed name back to Ghana gov’t of Ghana began costly projects to improve roads, schools, health care projects showed good intentions, but cost crippled new gov’t & strong opposition arose Today, Ghana struggles b/w military and civilian rule- in 2000 Ghana held its first open elections

9. Gold Coast/Ghana

10. Assignment p. 1009 do “Terms and Names” p. 1009 do “Terms and Names” Complete in your Journal Complete in your Journal

11. Israel Becomes a State

12. III. The Story of Israel A. Israel Becomes a State following WWII Jewish ppl began pushing for their own country in Palestine 1948 (and still today) land called Palestine claimed by 2 groups of ppl: - Jews & Arabs (Palestinians) (Islam and Christianity/Judaism)

13. Israel/Palestine

14. late 19 th /early 20th centuries, Zionists began pushing for Jewish homeland in Palestine, attempts failed After WWII in 1947 the UN voted for a partition of Palestine into a Palestinian State and a Jewish State highly controversial issue in Palestine- all Islamic nations voted against partition and Palestinians rejected the idea Nevertheless, Israel was created as a Jewish state on May 14th, 1948

15. B. Israel and Arab States in Conflict Israel immediately plunged into war- day after it was declared a state, 6 surrounding Islamic states invaded (Egypt, Iraq, Jordon, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria) Israel won war in 6 months but this was the first of many Arab-Israeli wars- full scale war broke out again in 1956, 1967, and 1973

16. Israel’s Enemies

17. land meant to be a Palestinian state never came into being- Israel seized half of it In the following wars Israel continued to gain more land

18. Famous Israeli prime ministers include their first ruler, David Ben Gurion, and famous female leader, Golda Meir region is still hostile today and peace talks b/w the nations continue- largely encouraged by the UN and the United States

19. C. Palestinian Liberation Organization As Arab-Israeli tensions increased, Palestinians struggled for recognition & a state of their own 1964- Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) formed to push for a homeland Famous chairman of PLO, Yasir Arafat, carried out many attacks of Israel, (died 2004)

20. D. Efforts at Peace 1977- Anwar Sadat of Egypt agreed to recognize Israel as a legitimate nation 1979- Camp David Accords estb peace b/w Israel and Egypt ending 30 years of hostility 1993- Oslo Peace Accords Israel agreed to grant Palestinians self rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank

21. Use your text book to identify the following on your map: Use your text book to identify the following on your map: Soviet Union- blue Soviet Union- blue North Korea- orange North Korea- orange South Korea- purple South Korea- purple Vietnam- green Vietnam- green China- red China- red Israel- yellow Israel- yellow India- brown India- brown Cambodia- pink Cambodia- pink Ghana- black Ghana- black

22. Assignment Turn to pg. 1020 Turn to pg. 1020 Read the “Analyzing Primary Sources” section Read the “Analyzing Primary Sources” section In your journal, answer the 2 questions at the bottom of the page In your journal, answer the 2 questions at the bottom of the page