1. Grade 12 Exercise Science PSE4U

2. Ligaments Attach one or more bones together Tendons Attach muscle to bone Vascularity The amount of blood supply a tissue has or requires Cartilage and ligaments are avascular ( nutritional needs are not met through blood) Tissue Properties

3. Fibrous Joints Cartilaginous Joints Synovial Joints Gliding - foot Hinge - elbow Pivot - neck Saddle - thumb Ball and Socket - hip Ellipsoid - wrist Types of Joint

4. Tears, Sprains and Pulls Usually used to describe all injuries to joint tissue types Sprains Are associated with ligaments and tendons Pulls and Strains Associated with muscles 1 st degree – mild and the least severe 2nd degree – moderate and more severe 3 rd degree – most severe and may require surgery and rehab (6 -12 months) Common Sports Injuries

5. Tendinitis Is an inflammation of a tendon caused by irritation due to prolonged or abnormal use. Itis – means inflammation Treatment involves rest, cold and heat therapy and may also include casts, splints or corticosteroid injections Common Sports Injuries

7. Dislocations and Separations Dislocation occurs when a bone is displaced from its original location. Most commonly occurring at the finger joints. Separation occurs when bones held together by fibrous ligaments tear and separate from each other. (AC and SC joint)

9. Cartilage Damage There are three types of cartilage : Hyaline, Fibro and Elastic cartilage. Hyaline – most widespread and is at the ends of bones and free moving joints, nose. Fibro – tough and very strong and found between the vertebrae Elastic – “yellow” and makes up external ear, inner ear and epiglottis Cartilage damage or injuries in the knee is common in football and basketball where vigorous lateral movement and contact is common.

11. Shin Splints Shin splints are a painful condition on the medial or lateral side of the tibia, on its shaft. They are caused by the tearing of the interosseous membrane (between the fibula and tibia) or the periosteum (lining of the bone). Risk Factors Include: Training surface, regimen, change in frequency and/or duration, equipment

13. When an injury occurs, one or more of the following signs will appear: S.H.A.R.P. Swelling Heat Altered Red Painful Proper Treatment of an Injury

14. When you or one of your friends sustains an injury you should follow the P.I.E.R. Principle Pressure Ice Elevation Restriction

15. READ PAGES 67-79 IN TEXTBOOK! Pick one of the common sport injuries involving joints and answer the questions below: 1.What causes this injury to occur? 2.What are the symptoms? 3.How can you prevent this injury from Occurring? 4.What are some medications and treatments you could use for this injury and how do they work? 5.Who are susceptible to this injury? (male, female, elderly, african-americans) Possible topics: shoulder separation/dislocation, bicep tendinitis, rotator cuff tears, knee ligament tears, osgood-schlatter syndrome, Patellorfemoral syndrome, eversion/inversion sprains Homework