1. Course Instructor: Kashif I hsan 1

2. Chapter # 6 2

3. Analysis Modeling To represent requirements in convenient diagrammatic and textual form is called analysis modeling. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE3

4. Objectives Following are the three basic objectives of analysis modeling: 1. To describe what a customer wants. 2. To establish a basis for creation of software design. 3. To define a set of requirements that can be validated once a software is built. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE4

5. Analysis Modeling Elements 5

6. Data Dictionary This is also called data repository and this contains the information about all the data objects produced or consumed by the system. It contains meta data or data about data. For example Name, Aliases, content description, supplementary information. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE6

7. Data Modeling To model or represent data of the system is called data modeling. For data modeling, ER diagram (entity relationship diagram) is used. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE7

8. Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ERD or Entity Relationship Diagram depict three things: 1. Data objects (Entities) 2. Attributes 3. Relationships Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE8

9. Entities Any composite information or any thing (object) that has some properties is called an entity. For example volume is an entity having some attributes like length, width, height. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE9

10. Representation of Entity Entity can be represented using rectangle sign. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE10 Entity label

11. Attributes Properties of an entity are termed as attributes. For example, student is an entity having properties like name, class number, address. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE11

12. Representation of Attribute An attribute of an entity can be represented by an oval shape. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE12 Class No. Student Name

13. Relationship The connection between data objects are called a relationship. OR A useful association between entities is called a relationship. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE13

14. Cardinality The number of relationships between data objects are called cardinality. OR The number of occurrence of an entity in a relationship is called cardinality. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE14

15. Types of Cardinality Cardinality may be: 1. One-to-one 2. One-to-many 3. Many-to-many Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE15

16. One-to-One Relationship One occurrence of “A” relates to one occurrence of “B”. It is written as ( 1:1 ). Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE16

17. Example- 1:1 Relationship Each department have at least and at most one chairperson. And each chairperson can only manage one department. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE17

18. One-to-Many Relationship If an occurrence of “A” relates to many occurrence of “B”. It is written as ( 1:N ). Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE18

19. Example: One-to-Many Relationship Each department can have at least one teacher and at most many. While each teacher belongs to at least and at most one department. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE19

20. Many-to-Many Relationship If many occurrence of “A” relates to many occurrence of “B”. It is written as ( M:M ). Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE20

21. Example: Many-to-Many Relationship Each subject is taught by at least one and at most many teacher. While each teacher either teach one or more subjects. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE21

22. Functional Modeling This show that how the data flow inside the system and what transformation occur to data as the data flows through the system. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE22

23. D F D DFD or data flow diagram is a graphical representation that define the information flow as it move inside the system and the transform that are applied to input to produce output. It is also known as “bubble chart”. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE23

24. Notation Standard notation used to draw a DFD: Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE24

25. Levels of DFD A DFD is represented at different level of abstraction which may be either: Level 0 (context diagram). Level 1. Level 2. Level 3. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE25

26. Level 0 DFD Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE26

27. Level 1 DFD Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE27

28. Behavioral Modeling Behavioral modeling model the behavior of the system (that is how the system react to certain events) in the graphical and textual format. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE28

29. State Transition Diagram (STD) State transition diagram is used for behavioral modeling. An STD indicate how the system move from one state to another state. State is any observable mode of behavior. Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE29

30. Notation The standard notation/diagrams used in STD are: Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE30

31. The END Kashif Ihsan, Lecturer CS, MIHE31