1. Unit 1 Great Scientists

3. Brainstorming

4. The First Plane is created by Laite Brothers. Is Elbert Einstein invented the electric Lamp? RightWrong Yes No

5. Thomas Edison invented the first telephone. Is Steven Hawking discovered the theory of Relativity? RightWrong Yes No

6. 1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float? B. Archimedes C. Thomas Edison A. Charles Darwin

7. 2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed? A. Marie Curie C. Charles DarwinB. Gregor Mendel

8. 3.Who invent the first steam engine? A. Thomas NewcomenC. Thomas EdisonB. Archimedes

9. 4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children. A. Thomas Edison C. Archimedes B. Gregor Mendel

10. 5. Who discovered radium? A. Marie Curie C. Newton B. Zhang Heng

11. 6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? A. Stephen Hawking C. Thomas Edison B. Archimedes

12. 7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? A. Gregor Mendel C. Marie Curie B. Leonardo da Vinci

13. 8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground? A. Sir Humphry Davy C. FaradayB. Thomas Newcomen

14. 9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? A. Charles Darwin C. Watt B. Zhang Heng

15. 10.Who put forward a theory about black holes? A. Stephen Hawking C. Copernicus B. Archimedes

16. Alexander Bell electricity Thomas Edison the First telephone Laite Brothers the electric Lamp Franklin black holes in Universe Steven Hawking Theory of Gravity Elbert Einstein the first plane Isaac Newton the theory of the relativity

17. Warming up What disease impress you most these years?

18. John Snow and cholera

19. John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19 th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”. Do you know what kind of disease is cholera? It is a kind of _______disease _______ by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of ______in the old times and it was very difficult to_______. deadly caused deaths defeat

20. John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”

22. conclusion :( 得出结论 ) Draw a conclusion :( 得出结论 ) :( 找出研究方法 ) Think of a method :( 找出研究方法 ) :( 寻找论据 ) Find supporting evidence :( 寻找论据 ) :( 收集材料 ) Collect results :( 收集材料 ) :( 形成研究主题 ) Make a question :( 形成研究主题 ) :( 发现问题 ) Find a problem :( 发现问题 ) Analyse :( 分析材料 ) Analyse the results :( 分析材料 ) ① ③ ② ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦

23. Task 1:Skim and Scan

24. Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To show us how difficult it was to find a cure for cholera. B. To tell us how John Snow found the cause of cholera and the cure for it. C. To show us how difficult it was to carry out experiments at that time. D. To tell us the way cholera spread and how serious it was.

25. 2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A. John Snow became famous after cholera hit England in the 19th century. B. John Snow began to collect information long before cholera hit England in the 19th century. C. The mother and her daughter mentioned in the text both lived in Broad Street. D. John Snow felt unsure about the cause of cholera after he finished the map.

26. 3. Why was cholera called “King Cholera” in the text? A. Because cholera caused many deaths. B. Because it got its name from Queen Victoria. C. Because cholera was the most deadly disease of its day. D. Because it was defeated with the help of the king.

27. ParagraphStagesGeneral ideas 1 Find a problem Comprehending The ________ of cholera causes 1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first? Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.

28. 2 Theory two : When people _______ cholera into their bodies with meals, their bodies were attacked and soon they died. Theory one : Cholera ________ in the air and dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. Make up a question multiplied absorbed

29. 3 Think of a method To _____ the second theory was correct. prove

30. 4 5 Collect results Some information was _________ on how many people died and where they got water. Analyse results ________the water to see if that is the cause of the illness. gathered Analyse

31. 6 7 Find supporting evidence With extra _______, it was announced definitely that _______ water carried cholera. Make a conclusion Polluted water spread cholera. “King Cholera” was _________. evidence polluted defeated

32. What should you do if you're traveling to a country that has a cholera outbreak? Discussion

33. Drink only water that you have boiled or treated with chlorine or iodine. Other safe drinks include tea or coffee made with boiled water and carbonated, bottled beverages with no ice.

34. Avoid raw salads and vegetables. Avoid food and drinks from street vendors. "Boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it." Eat only food that's been thoroughly cooked and is still hot, or fruit that you've peeled yourself. Avoid undercooked or raw fish and shellfish.

35. Read the passage again and fill in the blanks: John Snow was a famous ______ in London. He wanted to face the ______ of cholera in order to ______ this problem. In 1854 when another ______ hit London, he began his ________. He ______ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. He suggested that the _____ of all water supplies be _______. The water companies were ______not to ______ people to polluted water. Finally, “King Cholera” was ______. doctor cause defeat outbreak marked pump source examined defeated enquiry instructedexpose

37. 1.Why was Snow so famous in London before he began to help people in face of cholera? attend : look after Para1: * I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend to. * Mother had to attend to her sick son.

38. attend v. 1) 注意, 留意. We’ll attend to the solution of that problem later. 2) 照看, 照料. The doctor attended the patients. (3) 出席, 参加. 如 : attend the party 出息派对 attend a lecture 听讲座

39. Students Doctors and nurses People in the neighborhood All his friends and relatives Gardeners Members of the Union of students church patients a lecture school a meeting his wedding the botanical garden attend

40. 2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. The book written by LuXun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生. The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. expose vt. 暴露，揭露，使暴光 我作为记者的责任就是披露事实． My job as a journalist is to expose the truth to people

41. eg: 1. The wolf opened its mouth to ______ a row of sharp teeth. 2. Don’t ______ your skin to the sun; your skin will be hurt. expose

42. * When you have a pain in your shoulders, you will go to see a doctor. The doctor will_____ you. He will ____ the pain in your shoulders. Aspirin is said to be a wonderful _____ for the pain. cure

43. * Although the boy was beyond _____, his parents tried to ____ him of bad habits. * The prices are going up every day, but there is no _____ for rising prices. cure

44. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things that happened between us. 每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。 我一吃巧克力就牙疼. I get toothache immediately I taste chocolate. immediately, the moment, directly, every time ， 都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为 “ 一 ….. 就 ” 。

45. ___ I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. A. the first time B. The last time C. next time D. Every time___ I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. A. the first time B. The last time C. next time D. Every time I promise I’ll give her the letter _____I see her.I promise I’ll give her the letter _____I see her. A. every time B. immediately A. every time B. immediately C. the moment C. the moment

46. neither …nor… / Neither(Nor) * 我的猜测是不对的，他的也是错的。 (1)_____________________ is right. (2) My guess(suppose) is not right. ______________. Neither my guess nor his Nor is his *Peter还没买到奥运会的门票，我也还没有。 Peter hasn’t bought the ticket to the Olympics. _____________. Nor have I

47. 3. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病原，也不了解它的治疗方 法． ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ___ ＿ _____( 那对双胞胎和 John 都不知道 ) how to spell the word. I’m afraid I can’t go with you, because I have _________________( 既没时间也没钱 ) He has no interest in foreign travel,___________( 我也一样 ) Neither the twins nor John knows Neither the twins nor John knows neither time nor money neither time nor money nor do I

48. * the head in control of the country. He was in control of the car. * be under the control of… * get / be out of control; lose control Phrases of ‘control’

49. 1. What’s Snow’s attitude toward theories about cholera ? 2. Tell about the 2 nd theory. absorb: be absorbed in: Para2: : be attracted by 使专心／被吸引 ／沉浸于 ／沉浸于 take in 海绵吸水。 Sponge absorbs water. be absorbed into: 被 … 吸收进

50. soil sponge water students air work / job a big company sound knowledge heat time an article a small company the meaning (of a remark) water absorb—take in/understand

51. be absorbed in = concentrate on eg. He is absorbed in the research of Chinese history recently. absorb one’s attention eg. Chinese history absorbs his attention recently.

52. severe A 剧烈的 B 严格的 C 严重的, 严峻的 D 严厉的 1. He has such a severe illness that he has been in hospital. 2. I was caught in a severe storm last night and couldn’t go back home in time. C 3. Come on! Don’t be so severe with the children. 4. His report contains severe criticism of the company’s actions. A B D Para3:

53. -- What is the value of this 18k white gold diamond necklace? -- It cost me $2,000 (=It was worth $2,000.),but I valued the necklace at $1,000. -- It was a valuable diamond necklace. valuablePara4:

54. [ 谚 ] 井干方知水可贵。 We never know ___ ____ of water ___ __ ___ __ ___. Q1: What’s the meaning of “value” when it is a noun or verb? What does “valuable” mean? the valuetill the well is dry value (n.): value (vt.): valuable (adj.):

55. eg: 1.The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English is of great value to you. 2. His research has been of no / little practical value. 3. I value your friendship very highly.

56. 1. What’s his result of 试验 ? It seemed that the water was to blame. be to blame for : 应为 … 受谴责 / 承担责任 experiment? 1. It’s not fair to blame me. It’s not my fault. 2. They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.

57. hit vt. 1. He hit me ___ _____ stomach. 2. The increase in food prices hit everyone’s pocket. inthe vt. 打；击 vt. 对 … 不利 / 影响 hit everyone’s pocket. ： they have less money 3. The car hit the wall. vt. 碰撞 hit n. 曹格的唱片大卖，达到 100 万张。 Cao Ge’s record was a big hit and sold a million copies. 成功而风行一时的事物（音乐或戏剧） be a big hit

58. After he had gathered the data, what did he do next ? After he had gathered the data, what did he do next ?Para5: 开放思维 look into 看 …... 里面；检查；了解 We’ll look into this matter together. look out 留神 look around 环顾，观光，察看 look through 看穿，审核，浏览，温习 look up and down 仔细打量，到处寻找 look after 照顾，关心 look down upon 看不起 data

59. Who will look _______ the children while their mother is in hospital? Who will look _______ the children while their mother is in hospital? She looks ______ ＿＿ people who have never been to university. She looks ______ ＿＿ people who have never been to university. A working party has been set up to look _______the problem. A working party has been set up to look _______the problem. She looked _______her notes before the exam. She looked _______her notes before the exam. after down on into through

60. handle

61. handle v. A. 操作 ; 运用 B. 经销 ; 买卖 C. 管理 D. 对待 E. 应付 F. 控制 ; 管 1. Ms Hawkins, the chief accountant of the company handles the company's accounts. C 2. The children are so naughty that I can't handle them. 3. She handled a difficult argument skillfully. F E 4. Handle children kindly, if you want them to trust you. 5. This shop handles paper and stationery. 6. He learnt how to handle the axe. D B A

62. 2. The two towns are linked by a railway. 1. A lot of links fitted together form a chain. 3. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland. link

63. 4. 研究人员发现了吸烟和心脏病之间的 关系。 Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.

64. Scientific Report by John Snow The problem The cause Idea 1: Idea 2:people absorbed the disease_________________. The method The results Idea 1 or 2?why? The conclusion the cause of the serious disease of cholera. ________________________ that attacked victims ____________from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct. He found the cause of cholera was____________________. Idea 2. Because the data showed a connection with the water. John Snow was able to ___________ ____________________________. No body knew___________________ Strange cloud in the air with their meals Collect data the polluted water defeat cholera absorb It seemed the water was to blame.