2. Blažej Štrba Comenius University in Bratislava

3. 1.Prophets in the Pentateuch 2.Prophets according to Deut 18 3.The context of Deut 34 4.Text Dt 34,7-12 5.The prophet like Moses 2 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS

4. 3 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS

5.  Abraham (Gen 20:7)  Aaron (Exod 7:1)  Miriam (Exod 15:20)  Nm 11:26-30 ◦ 70 + 2 written in the book  Nm 12 ◦ Prophet weaker than Moses  Deut 13:2-6 ◦ Misleading prophets ◦ Context of the true faith Dt 12  Deut 18:15-19 ◦ Prophet like Moses ◦ Social context 4 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BSGnExLvNmDt Joz Joz

6. Officials (16:18-18:22) Prophets (18:15-22) 5 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS

7.  Plains of Moab  Mount Nebo 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS6

8. Officials (16:18-18:22) Duties & rights 1. Judges, 16:18-20;17:8-13 Purity of worship, 16:21-17:7 The Court in Jerusalem, 17:8-13 2. The King, 17:14-20 3. The Levitical Priests,18:1-8 4. Prophets, 18:9-22 Purity of Worship, 18:9-14 Prophet like Moses, 18:15-22 1. Elected by people  “you” (i.e. oligarchy)  They rule (shpt)  Two witnesses 2. Restricted in his rule  Student of Torah  Lawmaker, inspector, administrator 3. Less on duties more about their rights  Guardians & teachers of the Torah 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS7

9. Structure of the textThemes of the text Purity of Worship vv. 9-14 True prophet – like Moses vv.15-19 False prophet vv. 20-22  A prophet, having the authority of Moses, is above the king  The king is called to obey the voice and the authority of the prophet, who just like Moses, reveals the will of God  Prophet is a adviser of the political authority. 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS8

10. Narrative section, 31-34 Structure proposals, 31-34 9 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS

11. Moses encourages the people to cross over Jordan with the new leader Joshua, 31:1-8 Command the reading of the Torah, 31:9-13 The new song against the future sins of Israel, 31:14-22 The installation of Joshua, 31:23 Command to observe the Law in the Arch,31:24-30 Moses’ song, 32:1-47 The Lord commands to Moses to die on the Mt. Nebo, 31:48-52 Final benediction, 32:1-29 Moses’ death, 34,1-8 New leader Joshua, 34,9-12 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS10

12. Y. Osumi (2000)Paganini (2011) 29-32: Second Covenant, on Moab plains Title (29:1-2) Historical Review (29:2-11) Words of Covenant (29:12-13) Exhortations (29:14-30:20) Appointment of Joshua (31:1-29) The song of Moses (31:30-32:44) 32:48-34:12 The Death of Moses on Mt Nebo Command to Ascent Mt Nebo, 32:48- 52 Blessing of Moses, 33:1-29 Death of Moses, 34:1-8 // The new leader, 34:9-12 Farewell of Moses - indications for the future and the Canticle 31:1-32:47 The announcement of the death of Moses, 31:1-8 The reading of the Law, 31:9-13 The succession of Moses and the Canticle, 31:14-23 … (there is no mention of Joshua) Benediction and vision of Moses, 32:48-34:4 The Death of Moses, 34:5-12 The Death of Moses, 34:5-9 The epitaph of Moses & the end of Pent, 34:10-12 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS11

13. 1. Text 2. Literary analysis 12 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS

14. 7 Moisés murió a la edad de ciento veinte a os. Sus ojos no se hab an debilitado, ni hab a disminuido su vigor. 8 Los israelitas lloraron a Moisés en las estepas de Moab durante treinta d as, hasta que se cumplieron los d as de llanto por el duelo de Moisés. 9 Josué, hijo de Nun, estaba lleno del espiritu de sabidur a, pues Moisés le hab a impuesto las manos. Los israelitas le obedecieron e hicieron como Yahveh hab a ordenado a Moisés. 10 No ha vuelto a surgir en Israel un profeta como Moisés, con quien trataba Yahveh cara a cara, 11 ni nadie como él por tantas se ales y prodigios como Yahveh le mandó hacer en tierra de Egipto contra el Faraón, contra todos sus siervos y contra toda su tierra, 12 ni por su mano tan fuerte y por los portentos tan grandes y terribles que él hizo a los ojos de todo Israel. 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS13

15. 7 Moses was one hundred twenty years old when he died; his sight was unimpaired and his vigor had not abated. 8 The Israelites wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days; then the period of mourning for Moses was ended. 9 Joshua son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom, because Moses had laid his hands on him; and the Israelites obeyed him, doing as the LORD had commanded Moses. 10 Never since has there arisen a prophet in Israel like Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face. 11 non like him for all the signs and wonders which the LORD sent him to do in the land of Egypt, against Pharaoh and all his servants and his entire land, 12 and for all the mighty deeds and all the terrifying displays of power that Moses performed in the sight of all Israel. 14 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS

16. 1. The literary usage of the lexemes and the phraseology “the spirit of wisdom”, what kind of “prophet”, “signs and wanders”, “great terror”, “in the sight of all Israel” 2. Morphosyntax Never since has there arisen “Never since has there arisen” does not exclude that possibility before that situation described in v. 10. 3. Syntactical analysis Two syntactical units: vv. 1-8 (Moses) and 9-12 (Joshua) - based on the wayyiqtol chain up to v. 8b and on x-qatal phrase in v. 9 Small narrative wayyiqtol chain in v. 9cd and w-lo-qatal in v. 10a is a fluent syntactical chain. 4. Narrative analysis 15 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS

17. Thematic characteristicsText Deut 34:7-8.9-12  Moses’ narrative, vv.1-8 The Death of Moses The 30 days mourning completed  Joshua narrative, vv. 9-12 New leader v. 9b -> 31:7-8 – Mosaic installation v. 9cd -> Proleptic summary (Josh 1-6) / obedience of the Israelites Afterwards there will not be any other like Moses This leader is equaled to Moses as a leader, on the basis of: 1)face to face communication 2)Mission in Egypt 3)Liberation through the Read sea 4)“for the sight of the people” 7 Moses was one hundred twenty years old when he died; his sight was unimpaired and his vigor had not abated. 8 The Israelites wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days; then the period of mourning for Moses was ended. 9 Joshua son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom, because Moses had laid his hands on him; and the Israelites obeyed him, and they did as the LORD had commanded Moses. 10 Never since has there arisen a prophet in Israel like Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face, 11 (non like him) for all the signs and wonders which the LORD sent him to do in the land of Egypt, against Pharaoh and all his servants and his entire land, 12 and for all the strong hand and for all the great terror that Moses performed in the sight of all Israel. 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS16

18. 1. The prophet like Moses in Deut 34 2. Biblical verification of the proposal 3. History of research 17 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS

19.  Joshua the prophet like Moses according to Deut 18:15.18 ◦ The people listen to him (18:15; 34:9), as the matter of fact remembered in Josh 1:16-18 ◦ Joshua confirms their obedience in Josh 22:2; 23:*  The narrative clearly distinguishes between Moses and Joshua in Deut 34  Joshua as the new leader is the topic of Deut 34:9-12  The new leader has equal status that depends on the leadership out from Egypt 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS18

20.  Joshua – the prophet like Moses (Deut 34)  Joshua in the Book of Joshua likened to Moses ◦ God’s speech:  Beginning “as I was with Moses, so I will be with you” (1:5)  Before the crossing of Jordan “This day I will begin to exalt you in the sight of all Israel, that they may know that, as I was with Moses, so I will be with you.” (3:7) ◦ Narrator’s confirmation  “On that day the LORD exalted Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they stood in awe of him, as they had stood in awe of Moses, all the days of his life.” (4:11)  Revelation to Joshua, 5:13-15 equals the Revelation to Moses, Exod 3:1-10  The Book of Joshua 1 st of Neviim. 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS19

21. A test case for the PARALLEL ROLES Deut 34,9-12 Joshua – “the prophet like Moses” : Eisodos // Exodus  Explicitly confirmed in Josh 3,7 and 4,14  Exodus and Eisodos intended by Yhwh in Ex 3,8.10(!) GenExodLevNumDeut Josh Josh 20... Atl{[]h;l.W... AlyCih;l. drEaew" Bring out...! Bring into..! 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS Cross over!

22.  Post-canonical interpretation ◦ Jospehus Flavius ◦ The Letter of Barnabas ◦ Theodoretus (393-466 CE)  Modern criticism  From J. Wellhausen to M. Noth  After M. Noth 21 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS

23. 22 Thank you ! Gracias! 19.11.2012 Prophet like Moses / BS