1. Ch. 2: Early Societies in SW Asia and the Indo- European Migrations Mesopotamian Empires Mesopotamia: “The land between the Rivers” (Tigris and Euphrates) Cities emerged around 4000 BCE. Region of Sumer became a population center.

2. By 3200 BCE, these early cities evolved into city-states (also controlled surrounding region).

3. Early Mesopotamia, 3000-2500 BCE

4. Gypsum carving, city of Nippur, 2500 BCE

6. Mesopotamian Empires, 1800-600 BCE

7. First “empire” in world history. Seized trade routes and conquered neighboring cities. Sargon of Akkad Sargon of Akkad (2370 BCE-2315 BCE) (2370 BCE-2315 BCE)

8. Hammurabi of Hammurabi of Bablyon Bablyon (1792 BCE -1750 BCE) (1792 BCE -1750 BCE) Bureaucracy and taxes! Law code was severe (lex talionis)!

9. Hittite Empire Hittite Empire 1600-1200 BCE 1600-1200 BCE http://home.comcast.net/~DiazStudents /MesopotamiaHittiteEmpire.jpg Indo-Europeans (see slide below). From Anatolia (Turkey). Conquered Babylonian Empire in 1595 BCE. Used horse drawn war chariots.

10. The Assyrians The Assyrians (1300-612 BCE) (1300-612 BCE) Powerful army: professional officers, archers, iron weapons

11. New Babylonian New Babylonian Empire Empire (600-550 BCE) (600-550 BCE) Nebuchadnezzar (605- 562 BCE) built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

12. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

13. Ancient Middle East

14. Other Kingdoms and Cultures Cultures Hebrews Hebrews Nomads living between Mesopotamia and Egypt. Abraham led group to Abraham led group to Palestine around 1850 BCE. Also had law of retribution and flood story.

15. Some migrated to Egypt in 18th C. BCE then back to Palestine with Moses (1300 BCE). Jerusalem became their capital. Moses taught monotheism and the Ten Commandments. http://ww w.google.com/img res?imgu rl=http:// www.calv arybaptis tchurchs apulpa.c om/imag es/ten_c ommand ments_ta blets_4h m1.bmp &imgrefu rl=http:// www.calv arybaptis tchurchs apulpa.c om/Gues t_Speak ers_Pag e.php&u sg=__eh aYVK4D e1SG- b2HiXZ7 hV9bMT 0=&h=50 6&w=501 &sz=744 &hl=en& start=1& zoom=1 &itbs=1& tbnid=HR imDoeaY O5dYM: &tbnh=1 31&tbnw =130&pr ev=/imag es%3Fq %3Dten %2Bcom mandme nts%2Bt ablets%2 6hl%3De n%26saf e%3Dact ive%26g bv%3D2 %26tbs %3Disch :1

16. King David (1000-970 BCE) unified Israelite (Hebrew) tribes into a kingdom. His son, Solomon, succeeded him (970-930 BCE) and built his famous temple.

17. Torah (1000-400 BCE): first five books of the Old Testament. Hebrews and their kingdoms (Israel and Judah) conquered by Assyrians (722 BCE) And Babylonians (586 BCE).

18. Distinct Jewish (Jews) community developed.

19. Israel and Phoenicia, 1500-600 BCE

20. Phoenicians Traders. Sea trade was most important to them. Developed an alphabet (1500 BCE).

21. Indo-Europeans and their migrations Linguists discover similarities between many languages—they must be related. Originated in Central Asia about 4500 BCE. Migrations to Europe and Asia including Iran and India (“Aryans”).

22. Indo-European Migrations, 3000-1000 BCE