1. G EOGRAPHY OF G REECE

2. G REECE G EOGRAPHY Greece is located on a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea It is almost completely surrounded by water The large island at the bottom of the map is the island of Crete

3. G REECE G EOGRAPHY Much of Greece contains mountains, rocky terrain and valleys (80 % is mountainous) Due to the terrain, mountains and seas divided ancient Greeks from one another which caused Greek communities to grow very independent Greeks lived on farms or in small villages scattered throughout Greece….however they were very isolated from one another

4. DIFFICULTIES OF TRAVEL Traveling between city states was difficult People traveled by walking or rode in carts pulled by mules or Oxen Only the rich could afford to ride horses Traveling by boat was easier than walking or using wagons Boats however were dangerous due to weather and pirates

5. STABLE FOOD SUPPLY Ancient Greeks relied on farming for food Farming was not easy due to the mountainous terrain and the lack of rivers running through Greece Flat land was difficult to find which oftentimes led to wars between Greek city states City state: a city that has its own laws, army, money and government

6. Ancient Greek City-States

7. The Polis: Read page 122-123 to complete the following… 1.What were the rights of ancient Greek citizens? 2.Draw and label a polis using an aerial perspective. Be sure to include: acropolis agora temple market countryside

8. G REEK P OLIS N OTES ( PG. 13 R) I. The Polis ( City-State) - avg. pop. 5-10,000 people a) Aerial view Orchards, villages, farmland Agora-marketplace Acropolis-fortified hill temple

9. What is a City-State? * Ancient Greeks organized themselves into small cities each called a city state or polis * A city-state/polis was a group of Greek villages that organized themselves and banded together as one * In Ancient Greece there were hundreds city-states that developed

10. What were city-states like? * Each city state had its’ own form of government which mean that there were many different types of governments in Greece * City states had some things in common, they all spoke the same language and believed in the same gods

11. What were city-states like? * Greeks identified with their city-states not the country of Greece (ex. They would say I am from Sparta, not I am from Greece) * Ancient Greece was a collection of city-states * Each of these city-states varied in size some just a few square miles, others hundreds of square miles

12. City-States and Greeks * Citizenship was important to the Greeks and citizens controlled the city-states * In order to be a citizen in most city-states you needed to be a free, native born man who owned land * This meant that men were those who controlled Greek city-states because women did not qualify as citizens

13. Athens forms an Alliance I. Delian League A. An alliance formed by Athens 2. Formed because of invasions from the Persian Empire 3. Persian invasions threatened Athens’ independence and success 1. Alliance: a formal agreement that where people/states agree to work together

14. B. Organization 1. Many Greek city states joined Delian League 2. League was a defense pact to protect city states from another invasion 3. Athens became most dominant member in alliance 4. Members paid money to Athens for their protection

15. Sparta forms an Alliance II. Peloponnesian League B. By the sixth century Sparta was most powerful city in Peloponnesus A. Sparta located in southeast Greece in Peloponnesus region 1. Around 550 Spartans created alliance called Peloponnesian League

16. B. Purpose: create a force to protect Greece against enemies 1. Alliance helped Athens defeat Persia during the Persian Wars C. Conflict 1. Athens continued to gain power and Sparta felt threatened 2. So, Peloponnesian League tried to find ways to hold back Athens’ influence

17. Athens versus Sparta III. Peloponnesian War A. Rival between Athens and Sparta grew 1. Sparta issued an ultimatum: Athens must free all cities under its control or else there would be war 2. Athens refused and fighting with Sparta began

18. B. Important war facts 1. Fighting lasted for 27 years 2. Sparta invaded Athens during second year in war causing Athenians to gather inside the city’s walls for protection a. At the same time, a plague struck Athens that quickly spread in the overcrowded city killing many people

19. C. Outside help 1. Persian Empire provided Sparta with assistance to beat Athens 2. Persians aided Sparta in building stronger ships for battle 3. Athens suffered because of this and surrendered in 404 B.C. a. Now, Athens were forced to tear down walls that surrounded their city

20. D. Conclusion 1. After the war, Sparta ruled all of Greece for a short time 2. Over time, city state called Thebes became the leader in Greece 3. Fighting emerged against Thebes later causing a weakening of Greece