1. AP World History Review Period 5: Industrialization & Global Integration c. 1750 CE – c. 1900 CE

2. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
How did Industrialization affect seemingly unrelated fields like social structures, cultures, (arts, religion, literature) and the economy?
How did Industrialization change how goods were produced?
What ‘fueled’ the Industrial Revolution?
What was the ‘2nd Industrial Revolution?’
How did the Industrial Revolution affect the role of science in larger society?

3. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
How did the Industrial Revolution influence world trade overall?
What raw materials were commonly exported to industrialized areas?
As industrial production rose, what type(s) of production declined?
What role did monetary and precious metals play in the IR?
How did the IR affect the scale of businesses and overall economic activity?

4. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
What were the important developments in transportation during the IR?
What were the (categories of) responses to the IR?
How did governments respond to the tremendous economic changes of the IR?
How did the IR affect the social and demographic characteristics?

5. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
Industrialization fundamentally changed how goods were produced.
IR caused by a variety of factors
Europe’s location on Atlantic ocean
geographical distribution of coal, iron, & timber
European demographic changes & urbanization
improved agricultural productivity
legal protection of private property
abundance of rivers and canals
access to foreign resources
accumulation of capital.

6. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
Industrialization fundamentally changed how goods were produced.
IR caused by a variety of factors
Development of Machines & reliance on fossil fuels
Factory system
Global spread → Europe, U.S., Russia, Japan
“2nd Ind Rev” steel, chemicals, electricity after c.1850

7. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
New trade patterns further integrated global economy.
Industrialists sought raw materials & new markets
Need for raw materials & food supplies to feed rising populations → export economies: economy based around single natural resource (e.g. cash crops)
New financial institutions developed to facilitate global investments
Adam Smith: Wealth of Nations: capitalism
Stock markets, insurance, corporations
Some businesses grew to global scale

8. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
New trade patterns further integrated global economy.
New financial institutions developed to facilitate global investments
New developments in transportation:
Railroads, Steamships, Telegraphs, Canals

9. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
Responses to Capitalism
Industrial states:
Workers organized
Protests against exploitation of workers
Alternate visions of society offered
Some non-industrial states resisted changes, attempted to maintain pre-industrial forms of production
Some states sponsored their own state-sponsored industrialization plans
Meiji Japan, Russia’s Trans-Siberian RR, Muhammad Ali’s cotton textile industry.

10. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
Responses to Capitalism
Industrial states:
Workers organized
Protests against exploitation of workers
Alternate visions of society offered
Some non-industrial states resisted changes, attempted to maintain pre-industrial forms of production
Some states sponsored their own state-sponsored industrialization plans
Meiji Japan, Russia’s Trans-Siberian RR, Muhammad Ali’s cotton textile industry.

11. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation
What are the similarities and differences btwn colonialism and imperialism? How did imperialism affect Europe’s influence around the world?
Which area(s) of the world became imperial powers, and why did they imperialize while others did not?
What methods and tactics did industrialized states use to establish and expand their empires?

12. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation
How did imperialism help, hurt, or change various states?
How did anti-imperialism affect the Ottoman Empire’s territories?
What were the effects of nationalism on various peoples and regions?
How did imperialists justify imperialism?

14. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation
Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires

15. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation
Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world.
Existing colonial powers strengthened existing empires
Europeans, U.S. & Japan established new empires in Asia/Pacific
Spanish & Portuguese influence declined
Scramble for Africa
Settler Colonies
Economic Imperialism (Dollar Diplomacy)

16. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation
New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitated and justified Imperialism.

17. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
How did both the Enlightenment and colonized peoples’ actions affect political developments after 1750? How did political rebellions affect the political structures and ideologies around the world?

18. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
What role did the Enlightenment play in the making of political revolutions & rebellions possible?
What new political ideas re: the individual, natural rights, and the social contract did the Enlightenment develop?
What social & political norms did the Enlightenment thinkers challenge? What were the effects of their questioning?

19. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
What is the basis for national identity and nationalism? How did governments use these new ideas on their populations?
Why did reform and revolutionary movements arise during the ‘long 19th century?”
How did subject peoples relate to their ruling governments?
What was the relationship btwn nationalism and anti-colonialism?

20. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
How did religion influence nationalism?
How did imperial governments react to nationalistic rebellions?
What other new ideologies did the Enlightenment stimulate?
What new political ideologies developed from ca ?
What people or issues did the Enlightenment thinkers ignore or overlook?

21. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
Enlightenment thought (questioning established traditions) often preceded revolutions and rebellions.
Voltaire, Rousseau
Intellectuals challenged religion
New political ideals re: “natural rights,” the individual, & “social contract”
Social customs (led to growth of suffrage, abolition, end of serfdom)

22. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
Peoples around the world developed a new sense of commonality, based on:
Language
Religion
social customs
territory

23. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
These newly imagined national communities linked this identity with the borders of the state …
… while gov’ts used this idea to unite diverse populations.

24. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
The global spread of European political & social thought, together w/ the increasing number of rebellions stimulated new transnational ideologies/solidarities.
Liberalism
Socialism
Communism

25. 5.4 Global Migration
How did migrations in this period compare to earlier periods? What were the main social, economic, and political causes and effects of this new age of migrations?
How did the IR effect migration patterns during this period?
Why did people migrate?
What were the social consequences and reactions to 19th century migrations?

26. 5.4 Global Migration
Migration was influenced by changes in demography in both industrialized and unindustrialized societies
presented challenges to existing patterns of living.
Changes in food production, medical conditions contributed to migrations

27. 5.4 Global Migration Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons.
Work: both voluntary (free) & coerced/ unfree (indent serv, slavery)
Many migrants returned home

28. 5.4 Global Migration
Large scale migration produced a variety of consequences & reactions
Most migrants male, leaving women to adopt new roles
Migrants created new ethnic enclaves in new homelands
Receiving societies not always “happy” re: new immigration

29. Resources for Additional Info
John Green’s “Crash Course” videos.
#28 American Revolution
#29 French Revolution
#30 Haitian Revolution
#31 Latin American Revolutions
#32 Industrial Revolution
#33 Capitalism and Socialism
#34 Nationalism
#35 Imperialism