2.  British expected the land war to be fought by French and Russian armies.  British would defeat Germany at sea.  War would be ‘over by Christmas’.  Kitchener, though, said that 1 million men would be needed to defeat Germany, and that it would take 3 years at least.

3.  Called for men between 19 and 30 to join up.  Raised recruiting age to 35 three weeks later.  Use of poster campaign.  Asked for 100,000 volunteers.  Aiming for over a million by 1917.

4.  Daily Record reported 6,000 enlisted in Glasgow over the first weekend of war.  By end August, over 20,000 had signed up in Glasgow.  100,000 men by September, but still more volunteers.  35,000 from across the UK on one day in October.  500,000 volunteers by mid-September.  By end 1914, almost 24% of male labour force in Western Scotland. Questions 1 - 4

5.  “I feel certain that Scotsmen have only to know that their country urgently needs their service for them to offer with the same splendid patriotism as they have always shown in the past...Their services were never more needed than they are today and that I rely confidently on a splendid response to the national appeal”.  (Kitchener)