1. BIT 286: Web Applications Lecture 04 : Thursday, January 15, 2015 ASP.Net MVC -

2. Examining the Edit Methods and Edit View  https://docs.asp.net/en/latest/tutorials/ first-mvc-app/controller-methods- views.html https://docs.asp.net/en/latest/tutorials/ first-mvc-app/controller-methods- views.html  Using Entity Framework attributes to annotate model fields  Using the Tag helpers (to generate path via routing)  Postbacks  2 nd method with bound object  Redirecting  Anti-forgery token 2

3. using System; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; using System.Data.Entity; namespace MvcMovie.Models { public class Movie { public int ID { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } [Display(Name = "Release Date")] // default was “ReleaseDate” [DataType(DataType.Date)] public DateTime ReleaseDate { get; set; } public string Genre { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } } public class MovieDBContext : DbContext { public DbSet Movies { get; set; } } Using EF attributes to better define DB table 3

4. using System; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; using System.Data.Entity; namespace MvcMovie.Models { public class Movie { public int ID { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } [Display(Name = "Release Date")] // default was “ReleaseDate” [DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = true)] public DateTime ReleaseDate { get; set; } public string Genre { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } } public class MovieDBContext : DbContext { public DbSet Movies { get; set; } } Using EF attributes to better define DB table 4

5. C# Attributes (aka “Annotations” in Java)  “C# provides a mechanism for defining declarative tags, called attributes, which you can place on certain entities in your source code to specify additional information.”  “Entities” – classes, methods, instance variables, etc.  “The information that attributes contain can be retrieved at run time through reflection. You can use predefined attributes or you can define your own custom attributes. ” -- MSDNreflectionpredefined attributes MSDN  NUnit used these ( [Test], [TestFixture], [Category], etc) 5

6. Date formats  There’s a page for the DisplayFormat attributeDisplayFormat  According to the docs, this can usedocs  Various standard formatting codes for C#’s date&time typesstandard formatting codes for C#’s date&time types  Custom formats (This is what the page is using) Custom formats  For example, "{0:dddd, MMMM d, yyyy}" will produce: Friday, January 1, 1999 6

7. Tag Helpers 7

8. MVC 6 Anchor Tag Helper  In Views/Movies/Index.cshtml:  Edit | Details | Delete  This generates:  Edit | Details | Delete 8

9. MVC 6 Anchor Tag Helper  In Views/Movies/Index.cshtml: Edit This generates: Edit  This actually builds the path based on the routing info in Startup.cs/Configure()  Routes  You can change your routing and all the links will change  You can choose a different controller with asp-controller=“Product”  You can pass parameters via asp-route-  Parameter must be specified in the route (in Startup.cs/Configure()) 9

10. MVC 6 Anchor Tag Helper: Named Routes  “Another option is to specify the controller and action using a named route. For example, if your application had a route named login defined as follows in your MVC route configuration:  routes.MapRoute( name: "login", template: "login", defaults: new { controller = "Account", action = "Login" });  then you can bind an anchor tag to that route as follows:  Login ” From http://www.davepaquette.com/archive/2015/06/01/mvc-6- anchor-tag-helper.aspx#Named_Routeshttp://www.davepaquette.com/archive/2015/06/01/mvc-6- anchor-tag-helper.aspx#Named_Routes 10

11. WE STOPPED HERE on 5/2/2016 11

12. How does the Edit page work?  Go to localhost:xxxx/Movies, then click on the ‘Edit’ link for something  The URL in the browser will be something like http://localhost:54203/Movies/Edit/2 http://localhost:54203/Movies/Edit/2  This is done using an HTTP GET request  Change something, click ‘Save’  Browser needs to sends the changed data to the same URL  but this time using a POST request  http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_httpmethods.asp http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_httpmethods.asp  When the ‘Save’ works you’ll see the Index page again 12

13. Controllers/MoviesController.cs  Look at // GET: Movies/Edit/5 public IActionResult Edit(int? id) { if (id == null) { return HttpNotFound(); } Movie movie = _context.Movie.Single(m => m.ID == id); if (movie == null) { return HttpNotFound(); } return View(movie); } 13 This is the action that gets executed when a GET request is made

14. Controllers/MoviesController.cs  Look at // POST: Movies/Edit/5 [HttpPost] [ValidateAntiForgeryToken] public IActionResult Edit(Movie movie) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { _context.Update(movie); _context.SaveChanges(); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } return View(movie); } 14 This is the action that gets executed when a POST request is made  Could mark the prior method with [HttpGet], but that’s not needed because that’s the default

15. Controllers/MoviesController.cs  Look at // POST: Movies/Edit/5 [HttpPost] [ValidateAntiForgeryToken] public IActionResult Edit(Movie movie) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { _context.Update(movie); _context.SaveChanges(); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } return View(movie); } 15 This will prevent Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF, aka XSS attack). Specifically, this attribute says to check the anti- forgery token is the value that we gave to the browser (when it asked for the Edit form)

16. CSRF / XSS Attack  XSS Attack:  Customer logs into your web site, then visits another, malicious web site  Malicious web site knows that the browser is storing login credentials & that it will send appropriate cookies back to your web site when browser next visits that site  Malicious web site creates it’s own form to post to your website, and is logged in with your credentials  Antiforgery Token:  In addition to the cookie, ASP.Net will add a random number to each form (and it will save a copy for it’s later reference)  The number is the token  This is added in via  When a form is submitted ASP.Net checks both  the cookie (which the browser sends automatically)  the token (the random number, which the malicious site cannot get) 16

17. Controllers/MoviesController.cs  Look at // POST: Movies/Edit/5 [HttpPost] [ValidateAntiForgeryToken] public IActionResult Edit(Movie movie) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { _context.Update(movie); _context.SaveChanges(); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } return View(movie); } 17 Checks if the information provided is valid This is done in the client for convenience, and in the server for security

18. Controllers/MoviesController.cs  Look at // POST: Movies/Edit/5 [HttpPost] [ValidateAntiForgeryToken] public IActionResult Edit(Movie movie) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { _context.Update(movie); _context.SaveChanges(); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } return View(movie); } 18 These lines save the information into the database.

19. Controllers/MoviesController.cs  Look at // POST: Movies/Edit/5 [HttpPost] [ValidateAntiForgeryToken] public IActionResult Edit(Movie movie) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { _context.Update(movie); _context.SaveChanges(); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } return View(movie); } 19 This will redirect the browser to the Index URL

20. Controllers/MoviesController.cs  Look at // POST: Movies/Edit/5 [HttpPost] [ValidateAntiForgeryToken] public IActionResult Edit(Movie movie) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { _context.Update(movie); _context.SaveChanges(); return RedirectToAction("Index"); } return View(movie); } 20 If the server was given invalid data, then direct the browser back to the Edit page

21. Older ways of generating links  If you’re using MVC 5 then you don’t need the following, but it’s good to know about since it’s the way this stuff was done in the prior verion(s). 21

22. The Html helper class  How to link from, say, the Index page to the Details page?  In Views/Movies/Index.cshtml @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id=item.ID }) | @Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id=item.ID }) | @Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.ID }) 22

23. Html.ActionLink method  @Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id=item.ID }) |  First arg is the text to put on the page  Second arg is the name of the method on this controller to link to  Movies.Details  Third arg is an anonymous object with info needed to build the path  This actually builds the path based on the routing info in App_Data/RouteConfig.cs  You can change your routing and all the links will change  Details at MSDN Details at MSDN  There are other versions if you want to link to a different controller (e.g., back to the overall home page) 23