1. BIOMES OF THE WORLD p. 1099

2. Biomes Biome- a large geographical area that has a certain kind of climate and sustains specific communities of plants and animals Biosphere- the total of all areas where living things are found, including all the biomes (land and water)

3. Biomes Biomes are defined by temperature and the amount of rainfall. A climograph provides information on the amount of precipitation and the temperature.

4. Climographs

5. Land Biomes

6. The 7 most common biomes are: Tundra Taiga (Coniferous Forest) Deciduous Forest Tropical Rain Forest Shrub Land Grassland Desert

8. Tundra Found in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Siberia

10. Tundra – “The Cold Desert” Around the North Pole 150-250 mm of precipitation a year Winter: -70 to -10 °C Summer: 3-15 °C Cold, dry, treeless

11. Tundra – “The Land of the Midnight Sun” Winter lasts 6 to 9 months with no daylight Summer is short and cold with 24 hours of sunlight a day

12. Tundra- Permafrost –Layer of permanently frozen soil Windy Short growing season

13. Plants of the Tundra Tundra plants are resistant to drought and cold Examples: Lichens True mosses Grasses Small shrubs and flowers

14. Plants of the Tundra Lichens

15. Plants of the Tundra True Mosses

16. Plants of the Tundra Small shrubs and flowers

17. Plants of the Tundra Grasses

18. Animals of the Tundra Many animals of the tundra migrate there during the short summer Examples: Insects Snowy owls Arctic hares Caribou Musk Oxen

19. Animals of the Tundra Snowy owl

20. Animals of the Tundra Arctic hare

21. Animals of the Tundra Caribou – “Reindeer”

22. Animals of the Tundra Musk oxen

23. Tundra Video

24. Taiga or Coniferous Forest Found in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Russia

26. Taiga or Coniferous Forest World’s largest land biome

27. Taiga- Warmer and wetter than the Tundra Winters are long and cold 35 to 40 cm of precipitation yearly (mostly snow)

28. Plants of the Taiga There is no permafrost, so trees can grow. Mosses and lichens grow on the forest floor. Examples: Cone-bearing Evergreen trees –Firs –Spruces –Pines –Cedars –Mosses

29. Plants of the Taiga Fir tree

30. Plants of the Taiga Spruce tree

31. Plants of the Taiga Mosses

32. Animals of the Taiga Many animals live in the Taiga. Examples: Moose Black Bear Lynx Wolves Badgers Deer

33. Animals of the Taiga Moose

34. Animals of the Taiga Black bear

35. Animals of the Taiga Lynx

36. Animals of the Taiga Wolf

37. Animals of the Taiga Badger

38. Taiga Video

39. Deciduous Forest Found in Europe, the eastern part of the U.S.A., and China

41. Deciduous Forest 75 to 150 cm precipitation yearly

42. Deciduous Forest Wide range of temperatures with 4 seasons -30ºC in winter to 30ºC in summer

43. Deciduous Forest Trees lose their leaves in autumn Soil is rich in nutrients from layers of decomposing leaves

44. Life in the Deciduous Forest The mild climate and rich soil of the temperate deciduous forest supports a wide variety of plant and animal life.

45. Plants of the Deciduous Forest Plant life is abundant. Examples: Oak trees Maple trees Shrubs Wildflowers Ferns

46. Plants of the Deciduous Forest Oak tree

47. Plants of the Deciduous Forest Maple tree

48. Plants of the Deciduous Forest Shrubs (Azalea)

49. Plants of the Deciduous Forest Wildflowers

50. Plants of the Deciduous Forest Ferns

51. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Animal life is diverse. Examples: Deer Foxes Snakes Bears Birds Raccoons Amphibians Small mammals

52. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Deer

53. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Fox

54. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Snakes (Eastern Garter Snake)

55. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Snakes (Copperhead)

56. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Black bear

57. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Birds (Bald Eagle)

58. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Birds (Barn Owl)

59. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Birds WoodpeckerCardinal

60. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Raccoon

61. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Amphibians Wood frog Spotted Salamander

62. Animals of the Deciduous Forest Small Mammals Field Mouse Squirrel

63. Deciduous Forest Video

64. Tropical Rain Forest Found near the equator in Africa, South America, Australia, and the Pacific Islands

66. Tropical Rain Forest Found near the equator 200 to 225 cm precipitation yearly

67. Tropical Rain Forest Hot and humid all year Temperatures are fairly constant around 25ºC

68. Tropical Rain Forest Soil is nutrient poor and acidic Most plants have limited root systems (shallow)

69. Life in the Tropical Rain Forest High diversity of plants High competition Very little light reaches the ground

70. Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest A rain forest may contain more than 700 species of trees and over 1000 species of flowering plants. Examples: Mahogany trees Bromeliads and orchids Giant ferns Many flowering plants

71. Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest Mahogany tree Notice how the roots rise above the ground to help support this giant tree!

72. Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest Bromeliads

73. Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest Orchids

74. Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest Giant ferns

75. Plants of the Tropical Rain Forest Flowering plants

76. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest The rain forest is home to a huge number of animals. Examples: Monkeys Exotic birds Snakes Sloths Bats Insects Large cats Exotic mammals

77. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Monkeys

78. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Exotic birds ToucanParrots

79. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Exotic birds Cockatoo Hummingbird

80. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Snakes (Anaconda)

81. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Snakes Albino Ball Python Green Mamba

82. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Sloths

83. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Bat (Fruit bat)

84. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Insects ButterflyBeetle

85. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Large Cats (Jaguar)

86. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Large Cats (Sumatran Tiger)

87. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Large Cat (Ocelot)

88. Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest Exotic mammals PacaPeccary

89. Rainforest Video

90. Grassland “The Bread Basket of the World” Found on every continent.

92. Grassland Grasslands are known by many names. U.S.A. – Prairie or Plains Asia – Steppe South America – Pampas Africa –Veldt or Savanna Australia - Savanna

93. Grassland Wet seasons followed by a season of drought -30°C to 30°C 25 to 90 cm precipitation yearly

94. Grassland The soil is rich and fertile. The grass has extensive root systems, called sod.

95. Grassland Trees do not grow well Frequent fires High diversity of plants

96. Plants of the Grassland Grassland regions of the world are important farming areas. Cereal and grains grow here. Examples: Wheat Rye Barley Corn

97. Plants of the Grassland Wheat

98. Plants of the Grassland Rye

99. Plants of the Grassland Corn

100. Animals of the Grassland The most noticeable animals in grassland ecosystems are usually grazing mammals. Ex. Buffalowildebeest prairie doglion gazelleelephant

101. Animals of the American Grassland Bison

102. Animals of the American Grassland Prairie Dog

103. Animals of the American Grassland Coyote

104. Animals of the African Grassland Gazelle

105. Animals of the African Grassland Wildebeest

106. Animals of the African Grassland Lion

107. Animals of the African Grassland Elephant

108. Animals of the African Grassland Giraffe

109. Grassland Video

110. Shrub land AKA Chaparral Surrounds the deserts and the grasslands.

112. Shrub land Characterized by shrubs and short trees Drought-tolerant Frequent fires in the dry season Plants have adaptations to conserve water

113. Shrub land Hot and dry in the summer; cool and moist in the winter. 20-100 cm of precipitation a year.

114. Plants of the Shrub land YuccaJojoba

115. Plants of the Shrub land Scrub OakSage

116. Animals of the Shrub land HummingbirdRoadrunner

117. Animals of the Shrub land Mountain lion Pinyon mouse

118. Shrub land video

119. Desert Found on every continent. The driest biome on Earth

121. Desert Extreme temperatures- Very hot during the day and cool at night Summer: 50°C Winter at night: -18°C

122. Desert Very little rainfall Less than 25 cm precipitation yearly

123. Desert The soil ranges from gravel to sand. Soil is nutrient poor.

124. Plants of the Desert Desert plants have evolved adaptations to help them survive in the extreme temperatures and dryness of this biome. Examples: Cactus Mesquite Joshua trees Wildflowers Creosote

125. Plants of the Desert Cactus SaguaroPrickly Pear

126. Plants of the Desert Mesquite

127. Plants of the Desert Joshua tree

128. Plants of the Desert Wildflowers

129. Plants of the Desert Creosote

130. Animals of the Desert The animals of the desert are adapted to the hot temperatures. Examples: Lizards Camels Snakes Scorpions Kangaroo rat Gila Monster Predatory birds Tarantula

131. Animals of the Desert Lizards Desert IguanaFrilled Lizard

132. Animals of the Desert Camel

133. Animals of the Desert Snakes Diamondback Rattlesnake Sidewinder

134. Animals of the Desert Scorpion

135. Animals of the Desert Kangaroo rat

136. Animals of the Desert Gila Monster

137. Animals of the Desert Predatory birds Great Horned OwlKestrel

138. Animals of the Desert Tarantula

139. ALL THE BIOMES

140. Water Biomes

141. 7 Types of Water Biomes Freshwater –Lakes –rivers Saltwater –Coral reefs –Ocean –Estuaries –Intertidal zones –Abyssal zone

142. Freshwater Biomes Freshwater contains little or no salt. Flowing freshwater = rivers and streams Still Freshwater = lakes and ponds

144. Freshwater Biome

145. Saltwater Biomes About 95% of the water on Earth has a high concentration of salt. Estuaries = where a river meets ocean (very fertile) Intertidal zone = area on the shore that is covered with water at high tide and exposed at low tide

146. 2. Marine Biome

147. Saltwater Estuaries –Chesapeake Bay

148. Intertidal Zone

149. Classwork Using the textbook, take notes on “Human Impact” for each of the 7 land biomes we discussed. Extra Credit: Discuss the “Human Impact” on the 8 water biomes. Page 1100