2. The Languages of China And The Chinese Language

3. The Languages of China and The Chinese Language Today: 1. The Languages of China 2. The Chinese Language Next Week: 3. Chinese Writing

4. China and USA Superimposed

6. Tibetan script (two styles); Read from left to right

7. Uighur writing (top row) and Chinese characters; a wall in Xinjiang Province

8. Manchu writing; read left to right and top to bottom

9. China in East Asia China and its Borders

10. Languages in China

11. Dialects of South China

12. The Romance Languages

13. Map of Chinese Dialects

16. Sun Yat Sen (Sun Zhongshan) First President of the Republic of China (1912)

17. Dialects of South China

18. Comparison of pinyin and Wade-Giles systems of Romanization Wade-Giles (old system) Peking Mao Tse-Tung Szechuan Chekiang Hopei Chungking Sun Yat-Sen Swatow Pinyin (new system) Beijing Mao Zedong Sichuan Zhejiang Hebei Chongqing Sun Zhongshan Shantou

20. The Four Tones of Mandarin 1 st tone: “Home, home on the range” (as at the start of that song)—a high, level sound; 2 nd tone: “Are you going home?” (a neutral question asked with mild interest)—evenly rising; 3 rd tone: “Surely, you’re not going home?” (the curve of ‘downwards-upwards’ is often used when an English question expects the answer, ‘no’); 4 th tone: “I’m going home” (a statement of finality)—flat and falling.

21. Same syllables but differing in tone 1 st tone 2 nd tone 3 rd tone 4 th tone mā ‘mother’ má ‘hemp’ m ǎ ‘horse’ mà ‘to scold’ dā ‘to put up’ dá ‘to answer’ d ǎ ‘to beat’ dà ‘to be big’ tōng ‘to open up’ tóng ‘copper’ t ǒ ng ‘tub’ tòng ‘to ache’ piāo ‘to float’ piáo ‘dipper’ pi ǎ o ‘to bleach’ piào ‘ticket’

22. Unstressed syllables with little or no tone Gāo ma?‘Is it high?’ Tācōngming.‘She’s smart.’ Xièxie!‘Thank you!’

23. Excerpt from “The Answer of Love”

24. Topical structure of sentences in Chinese (topic in bold) Zhèige dìfāng kěyǐ tiào wǔ this-ONE place may dance ‘This place, (one) can dance (here).’ (=One can dance here.) Yīfu xīnde hǎo; péngyǒu jiùde hǎo ‘Clothes, new (ones) are good; friends, old (ones) are good.’

25. A Student’s Name: Wang Zan Mei 王赞梅 王 wang2, 4 strokes, family name 赞 zan4, 16 strokes, “sing praise to” 梅 mei2, 11 strokes, “plum flowers”