1. Elements and Compounds

2. matter – anything that has mass and takes up space. vocabulary word!

3. atom - The atom is the smallest unit of a substance that maintains the properties of that substance. It is so small, it would take a million atoms lined up to equal the thickness of a human hair. Everything you can touch, taste, feel, or smell is made of atoms. vocabulary word!

4. element – a substance that is made entirely of one type of atom. Is abbreviated with a one to three letter symbol. Only the first letter is capitalized. Always printed, never in cursive. vocabulary word!

5. copper Find copper on your periodic table. What is the symbol for copper? Cu

6. iron Find iron on your periodic table. What is the symbol for iron? Fe

7. salt (sodium chloride) Find salt on your periodic table. What is the symbol for salt? What is salt made of? NaCl sodium and chlorine

8. chalk (calcium carbonate) Find chalk on your periodic table. What is the symbol for chalk? What is chalk made of? CaCO 3 Calcium, carbon and oxygen

9. Atomic Bonding Atoms can form chemical bonds with other atoms. When they bond, they can form molecules or compounds.

10. molecule – a group of atoms held together by attractive forces called chemical bonds. It can be two of the same element like breathable oxygen O 2, or ozone O 3. Or it can be two different elements like water H 2 O. vocabulary word!

11. compound – a molecule that contains at least two different elements. vocabulary word!

12. Is it an element or compound? BrRb NO 3 NaCl V O2O2 CO 2 Pb

13. All matter on Earth is made up of elements Biotic (living) organisms are made mostly of 6 elements. – Sulfur – Phosphorous – Oxygen – Nitrogen – Carbon – Hydrogen SPONCH

14. Organic Elements

15. Sulfur pale yellow, odorless solid minor part of fats, body fluids and skeletal minerals key component of proteins dangerous if inhaled as hydrogen sulfide 16 S 32.066 Sulfur

16. Found in meteorites, volcanoes, hot springs sulfur dioxide is part of acid rain

17. Sulfur Find sulfur on the periodic table and color it yellow

18. Phosphorus needed to make DNA part of bones and teeth there are several types – white, red, and black It combusts spontaneously in air part of ATP (what cells use for energy) 15 P 30.974 Phosphorus

19. Phosphorus Cycle

20. Phosphorus Find phosphorous on the periodic table and color it yellow

21. Oxygen necessary for life on Earth around 21% of the atmosphere is oxygen component of water makes up 65% of the human body Third most abundant element in the sun 8 O 15.999 Oxygen

22. Find oxygen on the periodic table and color it yellow

23. Nitrogen usually a colorless, odorless gas major part of proteins nitrogen makes up 70% of the Earth’s atmosphere. used to make fertilizers plants need nitrogen to stay healthy 7 N 14.007 Nitrogen

24. The nitrogen cycle is very important for life

25. Nitrogen Find nitrogen on the periodic table and color it yellow

26. Carbon carbon is key to life and is present in all organic compounds. Carbon is found free in nature in three forms: graphite coal diamond 6 C 12.011 Carbon

27. Bohr Model Modern Model Makes up 18.5% of the human body Carbon is in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide Dissolved in all natural water Component of many rocks like limestone Makes up fossil fuels It is found in abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets.

28. Carbon Can have 4 different bonds with other elements –straight chains –branched chains –rings straight chain branched chain ring

29. Carbon Find carbon on the periodic table and color it yellow

30. Hydrogen Lightest element Most abundant element in the universe – Make up 75% of the mass of the universe Only 1 proton in the nucleus In the atmosphere Part of water 1 H 1.008 Hydrogen

31. Makes up 9.5% of the human body Hydrogen is a major component of the sun and stars Jupiter is made mostly of hydrogen Hydrogen can be explosive The Hindenburg

32. Hydrogen Find hydrogen on the periodic table and color it yellow

33. All matter on Earth is made up of elements SPONCH

34. Organic Elements

35. How many did you have on your list? Correct them if they are incorrect. Human BodyEarth’s crust 1. oxygen (O) 65%1. oxygen (O) 47% 2. carbon (C) 18%2. silicon (Si) 28% 3. hydrogen (H) 10%3. aluminum (Al) 8% 4. nitrogen (N) 3%4. iron (Fe) 5% 5. calcium (Ca) 1%5. calcium (Ca) 4% 6. potassium (K).4%6. sodium (Na) 3% 7. sulfur (S).3%7. potassium (K) 3%

36. Human Body

37. The Human Body

38. Earth’s Crust

39. organic compound - any compound that contains carbon. All biotic (living) things on Earth have carbon and are made of organic compounds. vocabulary word!

40. hydrocarbons are made of carbon and hydrogen. What elements do you see in a plastic or fuel? What type of organic molecule is it? plastics and fuels

41. carbohydrates = carbon, hydrogen and oxygen What elements do you see? What type of organic molecule is it?

42. carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are used as an energy source. Also commonly called sugars, starches and fiber. Draw this ->

43. fats (lipids) = carbon, hydrogen and oxygen What elements do you see? What type of organic molecule is it?

44. lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen arranged in branching chains. Lipids are used for energy storage and make up cell membranes. Draw one of these ->

45. proteins = carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen What elements do you see in? What type of organic molecule is it?

46. Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. They are used for growth, repair, transport and digestion. Draw this ->

47. nucleic acid =carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorous What elements do you see in DNA and RNA? What type of organic molecule is it? DNA and RNA

48. Nucleic acids are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorous. They are part of our DNA and RNA. Draw this ->

49. photosynthesis Look again at the chemical equation for photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 sunlightchlorophyll Are any of these elements? How many compounds do you see? What elements make up these compounds? No 4 carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

50. Cellular respiration Cellular respiration takes place inside cells (plant and animal). During respiration, glucose is broken down to release energy (ATP) that is used to power all life.

51. respiration Look again at the chemical equation for respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP Are any of these elements? How many compounds do you see? What elements make up these compounds? No 4 carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

52. interactive table If you complete the assignment, you may spend some time on these sites exploring elements: http://www.ptable.com/#Writeup/Wikipedia http://www.columbia.k12.mo.us/ojhs/newton /recipiesformatter/theperiodictable/phy03_in t_ptable/phy03_int_ptable.swf http://www.columbia.k12.mo.us/ojhs/newton /recipiesformatter/theperiodictable/phy03_in t_ptable/phy03_int_ptable.swf