1. 3.2 Cell Organelles KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

2. 3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure.

3. 3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that have many functions.

4. 3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that have many functions. – –supports and shapes cell

5. 3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that have many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles

6. 3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that have many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles – –provides strength

7. 3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that have many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles – –provides strength – –assists in cell division

8. 3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that have many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles – –provides strength – –assists in cell division – –aids in cell movement

9. 3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. There are 3 main types of fibers in the cytoskeleton: 1) Microtubules- are long hollow tubes that give the cell its shape and act as tracks for movement of organelles 2) Intermediate filaments- they give the cell its strength, they are smaller than microtubules 3) Microfilaments- they are the smallest and are tiny threads that enable the cell to move and divide.

10. 3.2 Cell Organelles Cytoplasm- Helps maintain cellular structure by: By filling the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane The fluid filled portion is called Cytosol, made mostly of water.

11. 3.2 Cell Organelles organelles involved in making proteins.

12. 3.2 Cell Organelles organelles involved in making proteins. Much of the cell is devoted to making proteins  Proteins carryout many of the critical functions in the body, so they need to be made properly

13. 3.2 Cell Organelles The nucleus: Is the control center of the cell It stores DNA DNA are the instructions to make proteins There are 2 major demands on the nucleus 1) Protect the DNA 2) Make the DNA available at the proper times Nuclear envelope is a double membrane inclosing the nucleus Nucleolus is a dense region of tiny organelles called Ribosomes

14. 3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- is an interconnected network of folded membranes that is used to produce and move proteins throughout the cell, like a highway in a city.

15. 3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – –rough endoplasmic reticulum

16. 3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – –rough endoplasmic reticulum – –smooth endoplasmic reticulum

17. 3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Ribosomes-link amino acids to form proteins. –Some are found on the ER, some are found in the cytoplasm, and some are found in the nucleolus.

18. 3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Golgi Apparatus-consists of closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that package, process, sort and deliver or store proteins, like UPS.

19. 3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials from place to place inside the cell.

20. 3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions.

21. 3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. –It has a double membrane 1) Inner membrane is folded to increase surface area, this is where chemical reactions take place that convert food into energy 2) Outer membrane provides protection  Mitochondria has its own Ribosomes and DNA.

22. 3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that stores materials, like a wharehouse. –Animal cells have small vacuoles throughout the cell. –Plant cells have a large central vacuole that is used to provide support for the cell.

23. 3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Lysosomes contain enzymes to breakdown material, like a garbage disposal.

24. 3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Centrosomes-are small regions in the cytoplasm that produce microtubules. Centrioles- are cylinder-shaped organelles that are made of short microtubules arranged in a circle. –They are used during cell division. Centrioles also form cilia and flagella.

25. 3.2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.

26. 3.2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. Cell wall-is a rigid layer that provides protection, support, and shape to the plant cell. –In plant cells the cell wall is made of cellulose.

27. 3.2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy during photosynthesis. –They have an outer and inner membrane –They also have their own Ribosomes and DNA.