1. Waves Unit Review How did you do?

2. Wave: a repeating disturbance, vibration or movement that transmits energy from place to place. Vibration: a repeating disturbance Medium: a material through which waves can travel Crest: the highest point of a transverse wave Trough: the lowest point of a transverse wave

3. Frequency: property of a wave, measure of the number of full waves that pass a point in a certain amount of time. Amplitude: property of a wave, measure of the greatest distance that vibrations in a wave move from their normal, half the distance from the crest or trough. Wavelength: property of a wave, the distance between on point on a wave and the nearest point just like it on the next wave. Wave Speed: property of a wave, measure of the distance per time that a wave travels.

4. Compression: the place on a compressional wave that is pushed together Rarefaction: a place that is moving apart on a compressional wave. Prism: diffraction grating that separates white light into different colors by refraction of light waves. Normal line: a line that makes a 90° angle from the surface. Translucent: materials that transmit some light but it is scattered so no clear image is seen.

5. Transparent: materials that allows most light to be transmitted and pass through. Opaque: material that allows no light to transmit through. Luminous: a material that gives off its own light. Intensity: How loud or soft a sound can be. Measured in decibels Pitch: How high or low a sound can be.

6. Reverberation: Repeated echos Echolocation: Using an echo to locate objects.

7. Mechanical vs Electromagnetic Needs a medium to travel Ocean wave Compressional wave Sound wave Transverse Wave that travel through matter or empty space Electromagnetic spectrum

8. Why can’t sound waves travel through empty space? Because there is no medium, since sounds waves are mechanical waves they need a medium.

9. List the electromagnetic spectrum waves in order of increasing energy from left to right Radio waves Microwaves Infrared waves Visible light Ultraviolet waves X rays Gamma rays wavelength on the electromagne tic spectrum decreases as the energy increases Frequency on the electromagnetic spectrum Increases as energy increases.

10. Draw a diagram of absorption, reflection, refraction and transmission.

11. Draw the law of reflection The angle of incident is equal to the angle of reflection

12. Concave Lenses Convex lenses Thinner in the middle Smaller image produced Corrects myopia (nearsightedness) Light rays move away after refraction Thicker in the middle Larger image produced Corrects hyperopia (farsightedness) Light rays move together after refraction

13. Explain what happens so a human can perceive a color? When light hits an object, most of the light is absorbed. The light that is reflected will be the color you see. For example, light hits the red kick ball. All the other colors of light are absorbed except red which is reflected back so you see the red color.

14. What is the order of the colors in the visible light spectrum? R ed O range Y ellow G reen B lue I digo V iolet

15. Describe in detail how the eye works. Include a sentence about what each part does with the image. Light is emitted or refracted and then hits the cornea and is refracted again. Light then enters the pupil as the iris contracts or expands to allow light through. The light now hits the lens where it is refracted again and then focuses the image on the retina. The retina has many nerve cells that transfers the light energy to the optic nerve where it is sent to the brain to translate the light energy to an understandable image.

16. Describe in detail how the ear works. Include a sentence about what each section does with sound waves. Vibrations of sound is gathered in the outer ear through the pinna. From here the vibrations are sent down the ear canal to the ear drum. The ear drum is a membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. The vibrations are sent to the three small bones of the middle ear where they are amplified and transferred to the inner ear. The Cochlea, known as the hearing organ, is filled with tiny hairs and fluid. The vibrations hit the fluid which vibrate the tiny hairs that hold nerve cells. This energy is then transmitted to the auditory nerve which carries the vibrations (now impulses) to the brain an interprets them as sound.

17. Describe how the medium and temperature affect the speed of sound. Page 510: The speed of sound through a material will increase as the temperature of the material increases. Sound waves travel faster through solids and liquids.